Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
| Southern Cordilleran |
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Geographic
distribution | northern Luzon |
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| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
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| Glottolog | sout2907 |
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The Southern Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within the Northern Luzon subgroup of the Austronesian language family.[1][2] They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore of Lingayen Gulf to the highlands of Quirino province. The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language is Pangasinan, one of the eight major languages of the Philippines.
Internal classification
The subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979).[3] Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:[2]
- Southern Cordilleran
- Ilongot
- West Southern Cordilleran
- Pangasinan
- Nuclear Southern Cordilleran
- Ibaloi (including Iwak)
- Karao
- Kalanguya
Reconstruction
| Proto-Southern Cordilleran |
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| Reconstruction of | Southern Cordilleran languages |
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Reconstructed
ancestors | |
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Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).[2]
Phonology
Vocabulary
The comparison table (taken from Himes (1998)[2] and Zorc (1979)[3]) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.
Comparison table | Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn) |
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning |
| ma:go | a:gɨw | ʔágɨw | *ʔa:gɨw | *qaləjaw | 'day' |
| dɨ:nom | danúm | čánom | *dánum | *daNum | 'water' |
| Southern Cordilleran innovations |
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning |
| ʔa:gɨt | agát | ʔagát | *ʔágat | (*laqia) | 'ginger' |
| bɨsik | batík | bɨtík | *bɨtík | (*laRiw) | 'run' |
| tɨɣí | salí | sɨdí | *sɨlí | (*qaqay) | 'foot' |
| -to | -tu | -to | *-tu | (*nia) | 'his/her' |
| kɨyó | kiyɨ́w | kiyɨ́w | *kɨyɨ́w[a] | (*kaSiw) | 'tree' |
| tóʔo | tuʔú | túʔu | *túʔu[b] | (*Cau) | 'person' |
- ^ *kɨyɨ́w is an irregular reflex of PAn *kaSiw
- ^ *túʔu is an irregular reflex of PAn *Cau
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References
- ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 37: 1–64.
- ^ a b c d Himes, Ronald S. (1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 37 (1): 120–177. doi:10.2307/3623282. JSTOR 3623282.
- ^ a b Zorc, R. David (1979). "On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point". In Nguyễn Đ.L. (ed.). Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics, C-45. pp. 241–258. doi:10.15144/PL-C45.241.
External links
- "Southern Cordilleran" at Ethnologue, 23rd ed., 2020.
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Philippine
(linkage) ? | |
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| Greater Barito * | |
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Greater
North Borneo * | |
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| Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra
–Barrier Islands | |
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| Lampungic | |
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| Javanese | |
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| Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak
–Sumbawa | |
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| Celebic | |
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| South Sulawesi | |
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| Isolates | |
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| SHWNG | |
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| Oceanic | | Admiralty | |
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| Saint Matthias | |
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| Temotu | |
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Southeast
Solomonic | | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita–
San Cristobal | |
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Western
Oceanic | Meso–
Melanesian | | Willaumez | |
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| Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland–
Northwest
Solomonic | | Tungag–Nalik | |
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| Tabar | |
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| Madak | |
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| St. George | |
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Northwest
Solomonic | |
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North
New Guinea | |
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| Papuan Tip | | Nuclear | |
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| Kilivila–Misima | |
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| Nimoa–Sudest | |
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Southern
Oceanic | North
Vanuatu | |
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Nuclear
Southern
Oceanic | Central
Vanuatu | |
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| South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties–
New Caledonia | | Loyalty Islands | |
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| New Caledonian | |
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| Micronesian | |
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Central
Pacific | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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