Olopatadine

Pregnancy
categoryRoutes of
administrationEye drops, nasal sprayATC codeLegal statusLegal status Pharmacokinetic dataElimination half-life3 hoursIdentifiersCAS NumberPubChem CIDDrugBankChemSpiderUNIIKEGGChEMBLCompTox Dashboard (EPA)Chemical and physical dataFormulaC₂₁H₂₃NO₃Molar mass337.419 g·mol⁻¹3D model (JSmol) ^NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Olopatadine, sold under the brand name Patanol among others, is an antihistamine medication used to decrease the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis (hay fever).^[2] It is used as eye drops or as a nasal spray.^[2] The eye drops generally result in an improvement within half an hour.^[2]

Common side effects include headache, sore throat, eye discomfort, or changes in perception of taste.^[3][2] More significant side effects may include sleepiness.^[2] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe.^[4] It is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer.^[5][2]

Olopatadine was patented in 1986 and came into medical use in 1997.^[6] It is available as a generic medication.^[2] In 2021, it was the 263rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.^[7][8]

Side effects

Some known side effects include headache (7% of occurrence), eye burning and/or stinging (5%), blurred vision, dry eyes, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, keratitis, eyelid edema, pruritus, asthenia, sore throat (pharyngitis), rhinitis, sinusitis, taste perversion, and vomiting.

Chemistry

Synthesis

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Olopatadine acts as a selective antagonist of the histamine H₁ receptor, thus stabilizing mast cells and inhibiting histamine release.

History

Olopatadine was patented in 1986 by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo and came into medical use in 1997.^[6]

In the United States, Pataday Twice Daily Relief was first approved by the FDA in 1996, under the name Patanol as a prescription drug and was indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis (referring to ocular redness and itching due to allergies).^[1] Pataday – now Pataday Once Daily Relief – was first approved by the FDA in 2004, as a prescription drug and was indicated for the treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis.^[1] These drugs are mast cell stabilizers, which work by preventing the release of histamine and therefore prevent or control allergic disorders.^[1]

In February 2020, Pataday Twice Daily Relief and Pataday Once Daily Relief were switched to be over-the-counter drugs in the United States when the FDA granted the approvals of the nonprescription products to Alcon.^[1]

Society and culture

Brand names

Brand names include Pazeo, Pataday, Patanol S, Patanol, Opatanol, Olopat, Patanase.^[10] It is also available as an oral tablet in Japan under the tradename Allelock, manufactured by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo.^[11]

References

External links

• "Olopatadine Nasal Spray". MedlinePlus.