Fu'an dialect
Dialect of Eastern Min
| Fu'an | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Southern China |
| Region | Ningde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong, Fujian province |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
|
Early forms | Proto-Sino-Tibetan
|
Writing system | Chinese characters |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| ISO 639-6 | fuua |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-ibc |
The Fu'an dialect (福安話) is a dialect of Eastern Min, which is a branch of Min Chinese spoken mainly in the eastern part of Fujian Province, China.
The Fu'an dialect covers two city and three counties: Ningde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong County.
Phonology
The Fu'an dialect has 18 initials, 50 rimes and 7 tones.
Initials
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | pʰ | t | tʰ | k | kʰ | ʔ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||||
| Fricative | (β) | (f) | θ | (ʒ) | (ç) | x | |||||
| Affricate | ts | tsʰ | |||||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||||||
| Approximant | j | ɰ | |||||||||
Rimes
| Open syllable | i | u | e | ɛ | ø | œ | o | ɔ | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ui | ei | ɔi | ai | ||||||
| uai | |||||||||
| iu | eu | ɛu | ou | au | |||||
| iau | |||||||||
| Nasal coda | iŋ (in, im) | uŋ (un, um) | øŋ (øn, øm) | œŋ (œn, œm) | aŋ (an, am) | ||||
| ioŋ (ion, iom) | iaŋ (ian, iam) | ||||||||
| uaŋ (uan, uam) | |||||||||
| ɛŋ (ɛn, ɛm) | ouŋ (oun, oum) | ɔuŋ (ɔun, ɔum) | |||||||
| Glottal coda | iʔ | uʔ | øʔ | œʔ | oʔ | ɔʔ | aʔ | ||
| ioʔ | iaʔ | ||||||||
| uaʔ | |||||||||
| eiʔ | ɛiʔ | ouʔ | ɔuʔ | ||||||
| Nasal | m̝ | n̝ | ŋ̍ | hŋ̍ |
Tones
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tone name | dark level 陰平 | light level 陽平 | rising 上聲 | dark departing 陰去 | light departing 陽去 | dark entering 陰入 | light entering 陽入 |
| Tone contour | ˧˧˨ 332 | ˨ 22 | ˦˨ 42 | ˧˥ 35 | ˨˧ 23 | ˥ 5 | ˨ 2 |
Perseverative assimilation
| The Coda of the Former Syllable | The initial assimilation of the Latter Syllable |
|---|---|
| Null coda |
|
| coda /-ŋ/ |
|
| coda /-k̚/ |
|
Anticipatory assimilation
Tone sandhi
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
| dark level 332 | light level 22 | rising 42 | dark departing 35 | light departing 23 | dark entering 5 | light entering 2 | |
| dark level 332 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light level 22 | 332 | 35+42 | 55 | 44 | 44 | ||
| rising 42 | 23+332 | 35+42 | 55 | 44 | 44 | ||
| dark departing 35 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light departing 23 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| dark entering 5 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light entering 2 | 35+5 | 55 | 44 | 44 |
Notes
References
- ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- Compilation Commission of Chorography of Fu'an City 福建省福安市地方志编纂委员会 (1999). Fu an shi zhi 福安市志 ["Chorography of Fu'an City"]. Vol. 37. Beijing: Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"]. ISBN 7-80122-540-6..
- v
- t
- e
Sino-Tibetan branches
(Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)
| Greater Magaric |
|---|
(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)
| "Naga" | |
|---|---|
| Sal |
| Burmo-Qiangic |
|---|
(Arunachal)
| Greater Siangic |
|
|---|
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
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