Outline of Sri Lanka

Overview of and topical guide to Sri Lanka

An enlargeable map of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sri Lanka:

Sri Lanka – island country in the northern Indian Ocean off the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon (/sɨˈlɒnˌ seɪ-ˌ siː-/), Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest. Sri Lanka has a documented history that spans over 3,000 years, but there are theories to suggest that Sri Lanka had pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years. Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to World War II. Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state governed by a presidential system. The capital, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, is a suburb of the largest city, Colombo. It is also an important producer of tea, coffee, gemstones, coconuts, rubber, and the native cinnamon, the island contains tropical forests and diverse landscapes with a high amount of biodiversity.

General reference

Pronunciation:
Common English country name: Sri Lanka, archaic Ceylon
Official English country name: The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Adjective: Sri Lankan
Demonym(s):
Etymology: Name of Sri Lanka
ISO country codes: LK, LKA, 144
ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:LK
Internet country code top-level domain: .lk

Geography of Sri Lanka

Geography of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is: an island country
Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Indian Ocean
  - between the Laccadive Sea and the Bay of Bengal
- Eurasia
  - Asia
    - South Asia
      - Indian subcontinent (off the coast of India, on the same continental shelf)
- Time zone: Sri Lanka Time (UTC+05:30)
- Extreme points of Sri Lanka
  - High: Pidurutalagala 2,524 m (8,281 ft)
  - Low: Indian Ocean 0 m
- Land boundaries: none
- Coastline: Indian Ocean 1,340 km
Population: 20,277,597 (2012) - 57th most populous country
Area: 65,610 km²
Atlas of Sri Lanka

Environment of Sri Lanka

Environment of Sri Lanka

Natural geographic features of Sri Lanka

Regions of Sri Lanka

Ecoregions of Sri Lanka

List of ecoregions in Sri Lanka

Ecoregions in Sri Lanka

Administrative divisions of Sri Lanka

Provinces of Sri Lanka
- Districts of Sri Lanka

Provinces of Sri Lanka

Districts of Sri Lanka

Demography of Sri Lanka

Demographics of Sri Lanka

Government and politics of Sri Lanka

Politics of Sri Lanka

Form of government:
Capital of Sri Lanka: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (shortened:Kotte)
Elections in Sri Lanka
Political parties in Sri Lanka

Branches of the government of Sri Lanka

Government of Sri Lanka

Executive branch of the government of Sri Lanka

Legislative branch of the government of Sri Lanka

Parliament of Sri Lanka (Unicameral)

Judicial branch of the government of Sri Lanka

Court system of Sri Lanka

Supreme Court of Sri Lanka

Foreign relations of Sri Lanka

International organization membership

The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a member of:^[1]

Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
Colombo Plan (CP)
Commonwealth of Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Group of 15 (G15)
Group of 24 (G24)
Group of 77 (G77)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
United Nations (UN)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)

Law and order in Sri Lanka

Law of Sri Lanka

Military of Sri Lanka

Command
- Commander-in-chief: President of Sri Lanka
  - Ministry of Defence of Sri Lanka
Forces

Local government in Sri Lanka

History of Sri Lanka

Culture of Sri Lanka

Art in Sri Lanka

Sports in Sri Lanka

Economy and infrastructure of Sri Lanka

Economy of Sri Lanka

Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 80th (eightieth)
Agriculture in Sri Lanka
Banking in Sri Lanka
- Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Communications in Sri Lanka
- Internet in Sri Lanka
Companies of Sri Lanka
Currency of Sri Lanka: Rupee
- ISO 4217: LKR
Energy in Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Power and Energy
- List of power stations in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Stock Exchange
Tourism in Sri Lanka
Transport in Sri Lanka
- Airports in Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Railways

Education in Sri Lanka

Pirivena, centres of monastic education

Health in Sri Lanka

Health care in Sri Lanka

References

^ "Sri Lanka". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of Sri Lanka

Government

Official web portal of the Government of Sri Lanka
Office of the President of Sri Lanka
Ministry of Defence, Sri Lanka
Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Tourism

The Official Website of Sri Lanka Tourist Board
Sri Lanka Travel Guide and Country Reference
Lonely Planet Destination Guide- Sri Lanka
Ministry of Tourism

Business

Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Export Development Board
Colombo Stock Exchange
Sri Lanka Business Directory

Other

Virtual Library Sri Lanka
The CIA World Factbook - Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Collection of slides of Sri Lanka, University of Pennsylvania library

Sri Lanka topics

Overviews

History

Periods	Prehistory Pre Anuradhapura period Anuradhapura period Polonnaruwa period Transitional period Kandyan period British Ceylon period Sri Lanka (1948–present)
Epochs	Mahāvaṃsa Vijaya Tambapanni Anuradhapura Chola conquest of Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Jaffna Dambadeniya Gampola Kotte Crisis of the Sixteenth Century Sitawaka Kandy Portuguese Ceylon Dutch Ceylon British Ceylon Kandyan Wars Uva Rebellion Matale rebellion Independence movement Dominion of Ceylon Civil War
Topics	Chronicles Monarchs Demographic Economic Education Military Sexual Minorities

Government

Law	Constitution Constitutional Council
Executive	President Executive Office Cabinet / Ministries Administrative Service National Security Council Law enforcement
Judiciary	Supreme Court Court of appeal High Courts District courts Magistrate's Courts Primary Courts Labour Tribunal
Legislature	Parliament Prime Minister Office Speaker Deputy speaker and chairman of committees Deputy Chairman of Committees Leader of the House Leader of the Opposition Chief Government Whip Chief Opposition Whip Secretaries-General 15th Parliament Members
National security	Armed Forces Air Force Army Navy Coast Guard Intelligence State Intelligence Service Directorate of Military Intelligence Criminal Investigation Department Sri Lanka Police Service
Devolution	Provincial governments Local governments Municipal councils Urban councils Pradeshiya Sabha Wards

Politics

Capital city
Electoral districts
Elections
Foreign relations
Parties
- Sri Lanka Freedom Party
- United National Party
Scandals

Geography

Administrative divisions

Economy

Industries
- Apparel
- Beer
- Cinnamon
- Cocoa
- Coconut
- Coffee
- Gems
- Graphite
- Rice
- Rubber
- Sugar
- Tea
- Tourism

Society

Topics	Birth Demographics Women Sexual Minorities Education Health Languages Sinhala Tamil Media Mass media Public holidays Religion Social class World Heritage Sites
Culture	Architecture Art Cinema Cuisine Dance Fashion Flag Folklore Literature Music National symbols Philosophy Radio Sport Traditional games Angampora Cheena di Television Theatre
Issues	Capital punishment Crime Disability Gender inequality Human rights Immigration International rankings LGBT history LGBT rights Poverty Terrorism

Category
Portal

← British Ceylon period topics →

British Ceylon 1815 – 1948

Background

History

Government

Law	Colebrooke–Cameron Commission Donoughmore Commission Donoughmore Constitution Soulbury Commission Soulbury Constitution Capital city
Legislature	Legislative Council of Ceylon State Council of Ceylon
Judiciary	Supreme Court Chief Justice Justices Attorney General Solicitor General
Executive	Governor-General Ceylon Civil Service Executive Council List Governor Colonial Secretary Attorney General Colonial Auditor Treasurer General Officer Commanding, Ceylon Board of Ministers List Governor Chief Secretary Legal Secretary Financial Secretary
Military	Ceylon Defence Force Commanders British Military in Ceylon Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon (Unified) General Officer Commanding, Ceylon (Army)

Politics

Economy

Board of Commissioners of Currency of Ceylon
Cinnamon
Cocoa
Coconut
Coffee
Rubber
Tea production
Indian Ocean slave trade
Kangani system

Society

Culture	Architecture British buildings Place names English Scottish Music Social class
Related peoples	British Indian Moors Indian Tamils Malays
Languages	Sri Lankan English Sri Lankan Creole Malay Sinhala words of English origin
Religion	Protestantism Church of Ceylon Bishop of Colombo Methodist Church in Sri Lanka American Ceylon Mission Batticotta Seminary Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon Lanka Lutheran Church The Pentecostal Mission Sri Lanka Baptist Sangamaya The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sri Lanka Bible translations into Sinhala

Other

Category
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← Kandyan period topics →

1597 – 1815

Kingdom of Kandy (1469–1815)

History

Founding
Wars of Kotte Succession
Kandyan Treaty of 1638
Kandyan–Dutch war (1670–1675)
An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon
Kandyan–Dutch war (1764–1766)
- Treaty of Batticaloa
Invasion of Ceylon
Kandyan Wars
- Great Rebellion of 1817–1818
Kandyan Convention

Government

Monarchs	House of Siri Sanga Bo House of Dinajara Nayaks of Kandy
Amātya Mandalaya	Maha Adigar Maha Mohottala Maha Dissava Dugganna Nilame Bandāra
Other	Rate Mahatmaya Badde Lekams Diyawadana Nilame Basnayaka Nilame Capital city

Society

Culture	Kandyan law Kandyan castes Esala Perahera Esala Mangallaya Relic of the tooth of the Buddha Dance Literature in Pali, in Sinhalese Frescoes Ivories Jewelry
People	Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero Ehelepola Nilame Gajaman Nona Gongalegoda Banda Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy Joseph Vaz Keppetipola Disawe Puran Appu Wariyapola Sri Sumangala

Landmarks

The Portuguese in Sri Lanka (1597–1658)

History

Sinhalese–Portuguese War
Convention of Malvana
Dutch–Portuguese War
Mannar martyrs
Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
1615 Colombo earthquake

Administration

Economy

Maral
Tombo
Cinnamon
Indian Ocean slave trade

Society

Culture	Architecture Portuguese buildings Music Baila music
Related peoples	Kaffirs Mestiços Portuguese
Languages	Sri Lankan Portuguese creole Sinhala words of Portuguese origin
Religion	Catholicism

Other

The Dutch in Sri Lanka (1658– 1796)

History

Dutch–Portuguese War
Kandyan Treaty of 1638
Kandyan–Dutch war (1670–1675)
Kandyan–Dutch war (1764–1766)
- Treaty of Batticaloa

Administration

Dutch governors

Economy

Society

Culture	Architecture Dutch buildings Place names Dutch Music Kokis Lamprais
Related peoples	Burgher people Dutch Malays
Languages	Sri Lankan Creole Malay Sinhala words of Dutch origin
Religion	Protestantism Christian Reformed Church in Sri Lanka Lanka Reformed Church

Category
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← Transitional period topics →

Dambadeniya period 1232 – 1341
Gampola period 1341– 1412
Kotte period 1412– 1597

Kingdom of Dambadeniya, Gampola & Kotte (1232–1597)
History	Malay invasions of Sri Lanka Sinhalese–Portuguese War Ming–Kotte War Kandyan independence Crisis of the Sixteenth Century Vijayabā Kollaya Convention of Malvana
Government	Monarchy Monarchs House of Siri Sanga Bo Capital city Rājākariya
Society	Alagakkonara Caste system Karava Salagama Durava Irrigation network
Culture	Guththila Kawya Literature in Pali, in Sinhalese Anavamadarshin Popular culture
Landmarks	Polonnaruwa Dambadeniya Yapahuwa Yapahuwa rock fortress Kurunegala Gampola Gadaladeniya Vihara Lankatilaka Vihara Embekka Devalaya Kelaniya Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Kotte Raja Maha Vihara Sri Subodharama Raja Maha Vihara

Jaffna Kingdom (1232–1620)
History	Kalinga Magha Pandyan Principality Jaffna under Tambralinga rule Jaffna under Kotte rule Kotte's campaign Liberation battle Sinhalese–Portuguese War Crisis of the Sixteenth Century Jaffna under Portuguese rule Mannar martyrs Portuguese conquest 1560 invasion 1591 invasion
Government	Monarchs Kalinga dynasty Chandrabhanu (Tambralinga) Aryacakravarti dynasty House of Siri Sanga Bo Don Constantine (Portuguese puppet)
Culture	Flag Setu coins Yalpana Vaipava Malai
Landmarks	Mantri Manai Cankilian Thoppu Yamuna Eri Kotagama inscriptions Madawala inscription

Kingdom of Sitawaka (1521–1594)
History	Crisis of the Sixteenth Century Vijayabā Kollaya Sinhalese–Portuguese War
Government	Monarchy Monarchs House of Siri Sanga Bo Mayadunne Rajasinha I Rajasuriya
Landmarks	Avissawella Sitawaka fort Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara Hanwella fort

Category
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← Polonnaruwa period topics →

Chola conquest of Anuradhapura 1017 – 1070
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1055 – 1232

Background

History

Chola conquest (1017–1070)	Chola conquest Sinhalese Resistance
Polonnaruwa Kingdom (1055–1232)	Velakkara revolt First Polonnaruwa War of Succession Queen Sugala rebellion Ruhuna Rebellion Polonnaruwa–Pagan War Pandyan Civil War (1169–1177) Rajarata Rebellion 1173 Polonnaruwa invasion of Chola Second Polonnaruwa War of Succession 1209 invasion of Polonnaruwa 1212 invasion of Polonnaruwa 1215 invasion of Polonnaruwa

Government

Monarchs (1017–1056)	Kassapa VI (1029–1040) Mahalana-Kitti (1040–1042) Vikrama Pandu (1042–1043) Jagatipala (1043–1046) Parakrama Pandu (1046–1048) Loka (1048–1054) Kassapa VII (1054–1055)
Monarchs (1056–1232)	Vijayabahu Kalinga Others Lokissara Parakrama Pandyan II Kalinga Magha

Politics

Geography

Administrative divisions
- Malaya Rata
- Maya Rata
- Rajarata
- Ruhuna

Society

Caste system
Immigration
Notable figures
- Gurulugomi
- Lankapura Dandanatha
- Mahākassapa Thera
- Moggallāna Thera
- Sāriputta Thera

Culture

Architecture	Constructions Irrigation network Tank cascade system Parakrama Samudra Sites Dimbulagala Raja Maha Vihara Gal Vihara Hatadage Jetavanaramaya Nissanka Latha Mandapaya Polonnaruwa Vatadage Rankoth Vehera Statue of Parakramabahu I
Literature	in Pali Abhidhānappadīpikā in Sinhalese
Religion	Buddhism Brahmanism Tantric Buddhism Monasteries Jetavana monastery
Other	Perahera Panakaduwa copper plate Popular culture

Category
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← Anuradhapura period topics →

Anuradhapura Kingdom 377 BC – 1017 AD

Background

History

Early period (377 BC–463 AD)	Arrival of Buddhism Elara Dutugamunu Campaign Battle of Vijithapura The Five Dravidians Fourth Buddhist council Tripiṭaka Gajabahu's invasion of Chola Beminitiya Seya Relic of the tooth of the Buddha Dipavamsa The Six Dravidians
Middle period (463–691)	Mahavamsa Sigiriya
Late period (691–1017)	Anuradhapura invasion of Pandya Chola conquest of Anuradhapura

Government

Monarchy
Monarchs
- Vijaya
- Lambakanna I
- Moriya
- Lambakanna II
Military
- Tamil mercenaries
Law
Capital city

Politics and people

Geography

Economy

Irrigation network
- Tank cascade system
Gems
Ivory
Pearls
Kahapana
Kahavanu
Port of Gokanna
Port of Jambukola
Port of Mahatittha
Rajakariya

Society and culture

Category
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