Djadjawurrung language

Kulin language spoken in Australia

Djadjawurrung
Region	Victoria
Ethnicity	Dja Dja Wurrung people
Extinct	(date missing)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Kulinic Kulin Wemba-Wemba^[1] Djadjawurrung
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`dja`
Glottolog	None
AIATSIS^[2]	`S31.1`
The five Kulin nations. Djadjawurrung is in the northwest in blue.

Djadjawurrung (also Jaara, Ngurai-illam-wurrung) is an Aboriginal Australian language spoken by the Dja Dja Wurrung people of the Kulin nation of central Victoria. Djadjawurrung was spoken by 16 clans around Murchison, the central highlands region, east to Woodend, west to the Pyrenees, north to Boort and south to the Great Dividing Range.It is now extinct.^[3]

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Stop	⟨p⟩ p	⟨t⟩ t	⟨rt⟩ ʈ	⟨tj⟩, ⟨yt⟩ c^[a]	⟨k⟩ k
Nasal	⟨m⟩ m	⟨n⟩ n	⟨rn⟩ ɳ	⟨ny⟩, ⟨yn⟩ ɲ^[a]	⟨ng⟩ ŋ
Lateral		⟨l⟩ l	⟨rl⟩ ɭ	⟨ly⟩, ⟨yl⟩ ʎ^[a]
Rhotic		⟨rr⟩ r	⟨r⟩ ɽ^[b]
Approximant	⟨w⟩ w			⟨y⟩ j

^ ^a ^b ^c The spellings ⟨ny⟩ and ⟨ly⟩ are spelled as ⟨yn⟩ and ⟨yl⟩ in syllable-final position, ⟨tj⟩ can also be spelled ⟨yt⟩ if it is an unreleased stop (it is simply spelt as ⟨tj⟩ released).
^ The retroflex rhotic may be an approximant [ɻ], or a flap [ɽ].

Vowels

There are four vowels noted: /i e a u/. They may also be phonetically written as [i ɛ~e a ʊ~u].^[4]^[5]

References

^ R. M. W. Dixon, Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development: v. 1 (Cambridge Language Surveys). Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-521-47378-1
^ S31.1 Djadjawurrung at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ Anonymous (26 July 2019). "S31.1: Dja Dja Wurrung". collection.aiatsis.gov.au. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^ Blake, Barry J. "Dialects of Western Kulin, Western Victoria Yartwatjali, Tjapwurrung, Djadjawurrung" (PDF). Retrieved 3 March 2017.
^ Blake, Barry. 2016

External links

Bibliography of Djadja Wurrung people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
Dialects of Western Kulin, Western Victoria Yartwatjali, Tjapwurrung, Djadjawurrung

Pama–Nyungan languages

Paman languages

North	Adithinngithigh Andjingith Anguthimri Arritinngithigh Awngthim Luthigh Mbiywom Ndrangith Ngkoth Uradhi
Northeast	Umpila
Wik	Ayabadhu Kugu-Muminh Pakanha Wik-Me'nh Wik-Mungkan Wik-Ngathan Wik-Ompom
Lamalamic	Lamalama Morrobolam
Yalanjic	Barrow Point Gugu Yalandyi Guugu Yimidhirr
Southwest	Koko-Bera Kok Thawa Kunjen Ogh-Undjan Kuuk Thaayorre Kuuk Yak Yir-Yoront
Norman	Kurtjar Kuthant
Thaypan	Alungul Angkula Aghu Tharrnggala Ikarranggal Takalak Thaypan
Southern	Agwamin Mbara-Yanga Mbabaram Walangama
Other	Djabugay Flinders Island Gugadj Kok Narr Mbariman-Gudhinma Umbindhamu

Eastern Pama–Nyungan

Dyirbalic	Dyirbal Nyawaygi Warrgamay Wulguru
Maric	Bidjara Biri Kingkel Warrongo
Waka–Kabic	Barunggam Dappil Gabi-Gabi Gureng Gureng Wakawaka Wuliwuli
Durubalic	Guwar Janday Nunukul Turrbal
Gumbaynggiric	Kumbainggar Yaygir
Wiradhuric	Gamilaraay Ngiyambaa Wiradjuri
Yuin–Kuric	Awabakal Darkinjung Dharug Dhanggati Ngarigo Ngunnawal Tharawal Wormi
Gippsland	Dhudhuroa Gunaikurnai Pallanganmiddang
Other	Anewan Bandjalang Kalaw Lagaw Ya Yidiny

Southern Pama–Nyungan

Yotayotic

Kulinic

Kolakngat

Kulin	Bunurong Dja Dja Wurrung Ledji-Ledji Madhi-Madhi Wadi-Wadi Wathaurong Wemba Wemba Woiwurrung–Taungurung
Drual	Bungandidj Dhauwurd Wurrung Kuurn Kopan Noot

Kartu	Badimaya Malgana Nhanda Wajarri Yinggarda
Kanyara–Mantharta	Kanyara Mantharta
Ngayarta	Jurruru Kurrama Martuthunira Ngarla Ngarluma-Kariyarra Nhuwala Nyamal Nyiyaparli Panyjima Yindjibarndi Yinhawangka
Marrngu	Karajarri Mangala Nyangumarta

Northern Pama–Nyungan

Ngumpin–Yapa	Ngarrga Ngumbin
Warumungu	Warumungu
Warluwaric	Wagaya Bularnu Yindjilandji Warluwarra Yanyuwa
Kalkatungic	Kalkatungu Yalarnnga
Mayi	Mayi-Kulan Mayi-Kutuna Ngawun

Central Pama–Nyungan

Wati	Ngardi Wanman Western Desert
Arandic	Arrernte Kaytetye Lower Arrernte
Karnic	Arabana Diyari Mithaka Ngamini Yarluyandi Ngura Pitta Pitta Wanggamala Wangka-Yutjurru Wilson River Bundhamara new Wangkumara/Garlali Yandruwandha
Other	Baagandji Bulloo River old Wangkumara/Garlali Muruwari Yardli

Other Pama–Nyungan

Yolŋu	Dhaŋu Dhuwal Djaŋu Djinba Djinaŋ Ritharrŋu Nhaŋu
Other	Barranbinja Lower Burdekin

Macro-Pama–Nyungan?

Macro-Gunwinyguan?

Maningrida	Burarra Ndjébbana Gurr-goni Nakkara
Mangarrayi-Marran	Alawa Mangarrayi Marra Warndarrang Yugul
Gunwinyguan	Jawoyn Uwinymil Waray Kunwinjku Dalabon Kunbarlang Ngalakgan Rembarrnga Ngandi Nunggubuyu Anindilyakwa
Other	Gaagudju Kungarakany Wardaman Wagiman