Endangered Iwaidjan language of Australia's Northern Territory
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (April 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
- View a machine-translated version of the Russian article.
- Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
- Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,249 articles in the main category, and specifying
|topic= will aid in categorization. - Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
- You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Амуртак]]; see its history for attribution. - You may also add the template
{{Translated|ru|Амуртак}} to the talk page. - For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
| Amurdak |
|---|
| Region | Oenpelli, Goulburn Island, Northern Territory |
|---|
| Ethnicity | Amurdak |
|---|
| Extinct | 2021[1]
See Status |
|---|
Language family | |
|---|
| Dialects | |
|---|
| Language codes |
|---|
| ISO 639-3 | amg |
|---|
| Glottolog | amar1271 |
|---|
| AIATSIS[2] | N47 |
|---|
| ELP | Amurdak |
|---|
Amurdak, also rendered Amurdag, Amurdak, Amurag, Amarag and Wureidbug, is an Aboriginal Australian language historically spoken in an area around the eastern coast of Van Diemen Gulf, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is considered to be a recently extinct language, the last recorded fluent speaker left being in 2021.[citation needed]
Status
According to a report by the National Geographic Society and the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, it is an endangered language. The last living speaker, Charlie Mungulda, worked with Australian linguists Nick Evans, Robert Handelsmann and others, over several decades to record his language.[3][4]
The Amurdak language and Charlie Mungulda were featured in Language Matters with Bob Holman, a 2015 PBS documentary about endangered languages.[5][6]
According to the 2016 Australian census, there were no speakers of Amurdak in 2016;[7] however, as of March 2021[update] Mungulda's death has not been reported,[8] and he co-authored a paper published in May 2020.[9]
Phonology
Consonants
Evans but not Mailhammer identifies a palatal lateral /ʎ/ in Amurdag.
Vowels
Mailhammer (2009) does not provide a vowel inventory but Evans (1998) briefly discusses vowels in his paper, noting that Iwaidjan languages including Amurdak have a three vowel (/a/, /i/, /u/) system.
References
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021). "Cultural diversity: Census". Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ N47 Amurdak at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Scientists: Many World Languages Are Dying Archived 5 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press via Fox News, 18 September 2007. Accessed 19 September 2007.
- ^ Schmid, Randolph E. (19 September 2007). "As languages die away, so do pieces of history". The Seattle Times.
- ^ "Language Matters with Bob Holman: A film by David Grubin". PBS. 10 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ "10 people who are the last speakers of endangered languages". Gazette Review. 27 August 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)". ABS. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Language Hotspots". Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ May, Sally K.; Taylor, Luke; Frieman, Catherine; Taçon, Paul S.C.; Wesley, Daryl; Jones, Tristen; Goldhahn, Joakim; Mungulda, Charlie (1 August 2020). "Survival, social cohesion and rock art: the painted hands of Western Arnhem Land, Australia". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 30 (3) (published 1 May 2020): 491–510. doi:10.1017/S0959774320000104. hdl:2440/134685. ISSN 0959-7743. Retrieved 14 March 2021. PDF
Further reading
- Evans, Nicholas (1998). "Iwaidja mutation and its origins". In Anna Siewierska & Jae Jung Song. Case, Typology and Grammar: In honor of Barry J. Blake. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 115–149.
- Handelsmann, R. (1991). Towards a description of Amurdak: a language of northern Australia. Honours thesis, University of Melbourne,
- Mailhammer, R. (2009) 'Towards an Aspect-Based Analysis of the Verb Categories of Amurdak', Australian Journal of Linguistics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 349–391.
- Neidjie, B., Mulurinj, N., Mailhammer, R., & Handelsmann, R. (2009). Amurdak inyman: Six stories in Amurdak.
