Nyigina language

Nyulnyulan language spoken in Australia

Nyikina
RegionLower Fitzroy River, Western Australia
EthnicityNyigina
Native speakers
61 (2016 census)[1]
Language family
Nyulnyulan
  • Eastern
    • Nyikina
Writing system
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3nyh
Glottolognyig1240
AIATSIS[2]K3
ELPNyikina

Nyikina (also Nyigina, Njigina) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia, spoken by the Nyigina people.

Warrwa may have been a dialect.

Classification

R. M. W. Dixon (2002) regards Nyikina, Warrwa, Yawuru and Jukun as a single language.

Nyikina is placed in the Nyulnyulan family of non-Pama–Nyungan languages.

Map of the traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal tribes around Derby, Western Australia.[3]

Phonology

Consonants

Peripheral Laminal Apical
Labial Velar Palatal Alveolar Retroflex
Plosive b ɡ ɟ d ɖ
Nasal m ŋ ɲ n ɳ
Lateral ʎ l ɭ
Tap ɾ
Approximant w j ɻ
  • Sounds /ɟ, ɡ/, when following /l/ or in intervocalic positions, can be heard as [j, ɣ].
  • /ɾ/ can also occasionally occur as a trill [r].[4]

Vowels

Front Back
High i u
Low a
Phoneme Allophones
/i/ [i], [ɪ]
/a/ [ä], [ɑ], [ʌ], [æ]
/u/ [u], [ʊ]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)". stat.data.abs.gov.au. ABS. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  2. ^ K3 Nyikina at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  3. ^ This map is indicative only.
  4. ^ Stokes, Bronwyn (1982). A Description of Nyigina, A Language of West Kimberley, Western Australia. Canberra: Australian National University.
  • Capell, A. (1952–1953). "Notes on the Njigina and Warwa tribes, N.W. Australia". Mankind. 4 (9): 351–360, 450–496. doi:10.1111/j.1835-9310.1952.tb00261.x.
  • Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press.
  • Muecke, Stephen (2004). "A Chance to Hear a Nyigina Song". In Ryan, J. (ed.). Imagining Australia: Literature and Culture in the New New World. Wallace-Crabbe, C. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Committee on Australian Studies. pp. 123–135. ISBN 978-0-674-01573-9.
  • Stokes, B. (1982). A description of Nyigina, a language of the West Kimberley, Western Australia. PhD dissertation. Australian National University.

External links

  • The film "Mad Bastards" (2010) depicting Nyikina language and culture
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Pama–Nyungan
subgroups
Southeastern
Victorian P–N
New South Wales P–N
North Coast
Northern
Paman
Maric
Dyirbalic
Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic
Gulf
Central
Arandic–Thura–Yura
Karnic
Western
Yolŋu
Ngarna/Warluwarric
Desert Nyungic
South-West P–N
Tangkic
Garrwan
Macro-Gunwinyguan ?
Maningrida
Marran
Gunwinyguan proper
Western
Central
Eastern
YangmanicWagiman?
Other isolates
Iwaidjan
Central (Warrkbi)
Eastern (Goulburn Island)
Southern
Marrku–Wurrugu ?Darwin Region ?
Limilngan–Wulna?
Umbugarlic
Daly River Sprachbund
Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)
Northern Daly
Western Daly
Eastern Daly
Southern Daly
Mirndi
Yirram
Ngurlun
JarrakanBunubanWorrorran
Nyulnyulan
Western (Nyulnyulic)
Eastern (Dyukun)
isolatesTasmanian
family-level groups
Western
Northern
Northeastern
Eastern
New Indigenous
languages and
Aboriginal Englishes
Creoles
Australian Kriol
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creoles
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