Timeline of Libreville
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Libreville, Gabon.
19th century
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- 1843 - Fort and trading post established by French.[1]
- 1849
- Libreville founded by French military official Édouard Bouët-Willaumez. Freed Vili [fr] slaves were resettled in the new village.[2][3]
- M. Mountier, a resettled former slave, becomes mayor (approximate date).[4]
- 1860 - Town becomes administrative seat of colonial "French territories in the Gulf of Guinea" (approximate date).[3]
- 1865 - Church of the Immaculate Conception built.[5]
- 1888 - Libreville becomes administrative seat of colonial French Congo.[5][6]
20th century
- 1904 - Administrative seat of colonial Congo Gabon moves from Libreville to Brazzaville.[6]
- 1909 - Urban perimeter established.[6]
- 1910 - Libreville becomes part of colonial French Equatorial Africa.[5]
- 1940 - Roads built to Kango, Lambarene, and Owendo (approximate date).[5]
- 1946 - Lumber processing factory built.[5]
- 1955
- Libreville attains commune status.[7]
- Roman Catholic diocese of Libreville established.[8]
- 1956 - Léon M'ba becomes mayor.[9]
- 1958 - Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Libreville [fr] built.[citation needed]
- 1959 - Radiodiffusion-Télévision Gabonaise headquartered in city.[10]
- 1960 - City becomes capital of the Republic of Gabon.[1]
- 1964
- March: 1964 United States Embassy in Libreville bombings occur.
- Deepwater port opens in Owendo.[1]
- Population: 45,909 urban agglomeration.[11]
- 1968 - Leon Mebiame Mba becomes mayor.[9]
- 1970 - National University of Gabon established.
- 1974 - L'Union [fr] newspaper begins publication.[10]
- 1976
- June–July: Central African Games held in city.
- Ntoutoume Obame appointed mayor.[9]
- 1977 - July: Organisation of African Unity meeting held in Libreville.[5]
- 1980 - Population: 185,000.[7]
- 1981 - December: Anti-government protest.[3]
- 1983
- Centre International des Civilisations Bantu headquartered in city.
- Jean Aveno Davin appointed mayor.[9]
- 1989
- Cleaude Damas Ozimo appointed mayor.[9]
- Meeting of the Association Internationale des Maires Francophones held in city.
- 1993
- 27 April: 1993 Zambia national football team plane crash occurs.
- Population: 420,000 (38% Fang, 28% Shira Punu, 12% Nzebi).[4]
- 1994 - Centre Culturel Français opens.(fr)
- 1996 - Mayoral election established per Decentralisation Law.[7]
- 1997 - Paul Mba Abessole becomes mayor.[9]
21st century
- 2005 - November: Post-election unrest.[12]
- 2006 - Population: 600,000 (approximate).[7]
- 2008 - April: Gabonese local elections, 2008 held; Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane becomes mayor.
- 2010 - Akanda FC (football club) formed.
- 2011
- Institut français du Gabon [fr] headquartered in city.
- Stade d'Angondjé (stadium) opens.
- 2012 - 12 February: 2012 Africa Cup of Nations Final (football contest) held in Libreville.
- 2013 - Population: 703,939 urban agglomeration.[13]
- 2014 - Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda becomes mayor.[14]
- 2016 - 31 August: Post-election protest begins.
- 2017 - 5 February: 2017 Africa Cup of Nations Final held in Libreville.
See also
References
- ^ a b c Young 2010.
- ^ "France: Africa: French Equatorial Africa (French Congo)". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 886–888.
- ^ a b c "Gabon". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 181–186. ISBN 978-0203409954.
- ^ a b Binza 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f Ngolet 2005.
- ^ a b c "Historique de la ville". Libreville.ga (in French). Retrieved 25 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d Mboumba 2013.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Gabon". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f "Anciens maires de Libreville". Libreville.ga (in French). Retrieved 25 July 2017.
- ^ a b "Gabon: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1857431834.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
- ^ "Madagascar Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
- ^ "Gabon: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, le nouveau visage de Libreville". Jeune Afrique (in French). Paris. 21 January 2014.
- This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
- in English
- Henry H. Bucher Jr. (1979). "Liberty and Labor: The Origins of Libreville Reconsidered". Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. 41.
- François Ngolet (2005). "Libreville". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 828–829. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Hugues Steve Ndinga-Koumba Binza (2006). "Demographic profiles of Libreville and Lome". In S.B. Bekker; Anne Leildé (eds.). Reflections on Identity in Four African Cities. South Africa: African Minds. ISBN 978-1-920051-40-2. (about Cape Town, Johannesburg, Libreville, Lomé)
- Peter P. Hinks; John R. McKivigan, eds. (2007). "Libreville". Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood. p. 432+. ISBN 978-0-313-33144-2.
- Eric Young (2010). "Libreville, Gabon". In Kwame Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (eds.). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 51+. ISBN 9780195337709.
- in French
- Guy Lasserre [in French] (1956). "Le paysage urbain des Librevilles noires". Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 9 – via Persee.fr.
- François Villien (1984). "Les consommations d'énergie à Libreville" [Consumption of energy in Libreville]. Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 37 – via Persee.fr.
- Rano-Michel Nguema (2005). "Développement de la ville, découpage et appropriation des territoires urbains au Gabon: le cas de Libreville". Belgeo (in French). 4 (4): 481–498. doi:10.4000/belgeo.12167 – via Revues.org.
- Anicet Mboumba (2013). "La difficile mutation du gouvernement urbain au Gabon: jeux d'acteurs dans la gestion des déchets à Libreville" [Problem of urbanization in Gabon]. Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 66 (261): 69–84. doi:10.4000/com.6778 – via Revues.org.
- Fidèle Allogho-Nkoghe (2014). La fondation de Libreville: une lecture nouvelle à partir d'une théorie géopolitique (in French). Paris: Connaissances et Savoirs. ISBN 9782753902411.
- Jean-Emery Etoughe-Efe (2017). Les Bars Populaires de Libreville. Études africaines (in French). Paris: L’Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-12257-1.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Libreville.
- "(Libreville)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
- Items related to Libreville, various dates (via Europeana) (Images, etc.)
- Items related to Libreville, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America) (Images, etc.)
- "(Libreville)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
- "(Libreville)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Libreville)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "Libreville, Gabon". BlackPast.org. US. 16 March 2011.
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