Store Street Aqueduct
53°28′47″N 2°13′39″W / 53.4796°N 2.2274°W / 53.4796; -2.2274
The Store Street Aqueduct in central Manchester, England, was built in 1798 by Benjamin Outram on the Ashton Canal. A Grade II* listed building,[1] it is built on a skew of 40° across Store Street, and is believed to be the first major aqueduct of its kind in Great Britain and the oldest still in use today.
Aqueduct
The aqueduct was constructed to cross Shooters Brook. It is built of stone with large voussoirs and retaining walls of coursed masonry and is 7.4 metres (24 ft) wide with triangular buttresses. The brook was culverted in about 1805 and Store Street was built over it. The canal is about 4.6 metres (15 ft) wide and 1.45 metres (4 ft 9 in) deep. The arch has a 7.6-metre (25 ft) square span and a 10.5-metre (34 ft) skew span rising 2.75 metres (9 ft) above road level.[2]
Generally, where a canal (or later a railway) crossed a road, or vice versa, the road would be diverted to cross at right angles. It had not always been acceptable but attempts to build masonry arch bridges at an angle, or "skew", of greater than about 15 degrees had proved unsatisfactory. The method up to that time had been to build the voussoir arch with the stone course work parallel to the abutments. This transmitted the load outward from the crown in a straight line to the foundations, parallel to the faces of the arch. If a skew was attempted, it threw the lines of force outside the abutments, leading to weakness in the structure.
William Chapman had partially solved the problem in 1787[3][4] when building bridges for the Kildare Canal, the first being the Finlay Bridge near Naas.[5] The Kildare was part of the Grand Canal Company, for which William Jessop had been the engineer. Jessop would no doubt have discussed it with Outram, his partner, and he experimented with the idea on the Rochdale Canal. Examples are Gorrell's Lane and March Barn road bridges, though it is possible that they were built later.[4] The method used was to build timber falsework parallel to the proposed arches. Planks were laid on the falsework parallel to the abutments. The position of the courses at the crown were marked out, then those across the remainder of the arch.
Although the aqueduct still exists, and is structurally sound, years of neglect led to water leakage through the joints, and the spiral construction can no longer be seen, the surface of the intrados having been rendered.
Later railway engineers improved on the system, producing what became known as helicoidal construction that became the norm in English skew bridge building. An exact solution to the problem was determined in the form of the French, or orthogonal, design. However, this was complicated and expensive to build.
See also
- List of canal aqueducts in the United Kingdom
- Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester
- Listed buildings in Manchester-M1
References
- ^ Historic England, "Store Street Aqueduct (1270666)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 11 September 2012
- ^ Store Street Aqueduct, Engineering Timelines, retrieved 11 December 2011
- ^ For, Society (1842). Long, G (ed.). The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. XXII Sigonio – Steam-vessel (1st ed.). London: Charles Knight & Co. p. 87.
- ^ a b Schofield, Reginald B. (2000). Benjamin Outram, 1764–1805: An Engineering Biography. Cardiff: Merton Priory Press. pp. 149–154. ISBN 1-898937-42-7.
- ^ McCutcheon, William Alan (1984). The Industrial Archaeology of Northern Ireland. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-8386-3125-8.
- v
- t
- e
- Deansgate Square South Tower (201m)
- Beetham Tower (169m)
- Deansgate Square East Tower (158m)
- The Blade (154m)
- Three60 (154m)
- Elizabeth Tower (153m)
- Deansgate Square West Tower (141m)
- Viadux (136m)
- Deansgate Square North Tower (122m)
- CIS Tower (118m)
- Affinity Living Circle Square (116m)
- Oxygen Towers (110m)
- Angel Gardens (108m)
- City Tower (107m)
- Bridgewater Heights (106m)
- Artisan Heights (95m)
- Axis Tower (93m)
- 1 Spinningfields (92m)
- River Street Tower (92m)
- Arndale House (90m)
- Manchester Town Hall Clock Tower (87m)
- Cambridge Street Block A (83m)
- One Regent (82m)
- Civil Justice Centre (81m)
- Manchester One (80m)
- 1 Circle Square (76m)
- 3 Hardman Street (75m)
- Great Northern Tower (72m)
- One Angel Square (72m)
- 3 St Peter's Square (72m)
- The Gate, Angel Meadow (68m)
- The Light House (67m)
- Victoria Residence (67m)
- The Principal Manchester (66m)
- Victoria Mill (65m)
- Albert Bridge House (64m)
- 111 Piccadilly (64m)
- Islington Wharf (64m)
- The Slate Yard Flint Building (64m)
- Skyline Central (63m)
- The Peninsula (63m)
- Cambridge Street Block B (63m)
- No. 1 Deansgate (62m)
- Owens Park Tower (61m)
- Brooklyn Hotel (61m)
- One Castle Wharf (61m)
- Manchester Business School Hotel (60m)
- St James's Buildings (60m)
- 2 Leftbank Apartments (60m)
- 3 Leftbank Apartments (60m)
- 3 Piccadilly Place (60m)
- Chancery Place (60m)
- The Lume (60m)
- Affinity Living Circle Square Tower 2 (60m)
- One St Peter's Square (59m)
- Two St Peter's Square (59m)
- Landmark, St. Peter's Square (59m)
- 2 Circle Square (59m)
- Hotel and MSCP, Circle Square (59m)
- Lowry House (58m)
- Minshull Street Courts (57m)
- UNITE Tower (57m)
- Cornbrook Works Tower 1 (57m)
- Ramada Renaissance Hotel (56m)
- Parkway Gate Block 1 (56m)
- Royal Exchange Theatre (55m)
- 1 New York Street (55m)
- St James's House (55m)
- Bank Chambers (55m)
- Vita Circle Square Tower 1 (54m)
- Kampus Tower 1 (54m)
- Kampus Tower 2 (54m)
- Affinity Living Circle Square Tower 3 (54m)
- No. 1 Marsden Street (53m)
- The Stile, Angel Meadow (53m)
- 82 King Street (52m)
- Oxygen Tower 2 (52m)
- Vox Tower 1 (51m)
- Kampus Tower 3 (51m)
- New Century House (50m)
- Hexagon Tower (50m)
- Parkway Gate Block 2 (50m)
(city centre or Grade II* listed)
- 1 The Avenue
- 1–3 York Street
- 25 St Ann Street
- 38 and 42 Mosley Street
- 46–48 Brown Street
- 50 Newton Street
- 53 King Street
- 84 Plymouth Grove
- 100 King Street
- Afflecks
- Alan Turing Building
- Albert Hall
- Ancoats Hospital
- Arkwright House
- Athenaeum
- Baguley Hall
- Bank Chambers
- Barlow Hall
- Barton Arcade
- Central Library
- Chetham's Library
- Chips
- Clayton Hall
- Corn Exchange
- County Court
- Daily Express
- Dalton-Ellis Hall
- Didsbury Campus
- Estate Exchange
- Former Bank of England
- Free Trade Hall
- Gateway House
- Old Granada Studios
- The Green Building
- Grove House
- The Haçienda
- Hanover Building
- Heaton Hall
- Holyoake House
- Hough End Hall
- Hulme Hall
- Hulme Hippodrome
- Institute of Biotechnology
- John Rylands Library
- John Rylands University Library
- Kendals
- Lawrence Buildings
- Law Library
- Lincoln House
- London Road Fire Station
- Manchester Art Gallery
- Manchester Museum
- Mechanics' Institute
- Memorial Hall
- Midland Hotel
- Minshull Street Crown Courts
- Science and Industry Museum
- National Graphene Institute
- Nicholls Building
- Odeon Cinema
- Old Wellington Inn
- One Piccadilly Gardens
- Pankhurst Centre
- People's History Museum
- Police Museum
- Portico Library
- Playhouse Theatre
- Redfern Building
- Reform Club
- Rose Hill
- Royal Eye Hospital
- Rylands Building
- Sackville Street Building
- Sharston Hall
- Ship Canal House
- Slade Hall
- Smithfield Market Hall
- St Anselm Hall
- Saint Mary's Hospital
- St Michael's
- Strangeways
- Sunlight House
- Theatre Royal
- Toast Rack
- The Towers
- Transport Museum
- Urbis
- Uttley House
- Victoria Baths
- Whitworth Art Gallery
- Whitworth Building
- Wythenshawe Bus Garage
- Wythenshawe Hall
- 107 Piccadilly
- 1830 warehouse, Liverpool Road railway station
- Albion Mill
- Asia House
- Beehive Mill
- Bridgewater House
- Brownsfield Mill
- Brunswick Mill
- Canada House
- Chorlton New Mills
- Churchgate House
- Dale Street Warehouse
- Havelock Mills
- India House
- Jackson's Warehouse
- Lancaster House
- McConnel & Kennedy Mills
- Murrays' Mills
- Old Mill
- Piccadilly Mill
- Royal Mill
- Shudehill Mill
- Watts Warehouse
(Grade I or II* listed)
- British Muslim Heritage Centre
- Brookfield Church
- Castlefield Chapel
- Christ Church
- Cross Street Chapel
- Holy Name of Jesus
- Edgar Wood Centre
- Gorton Monastery
- Holy Trinity Platt Church
- The Hidden Gem (Church of St Mary)
- Jewish Museum
- Manchester Cathedral
- Manchester Reform Synagogue
- St Ann's
- St Chrysostom's Church
- Church of St Cross
- St George
- St James
- St John
- St Mary (Hulme)
- Church of St Michael
- St Nicholas
- St Peter
- Upper Brook Street Chapel
- St Wilfrid
- O2 Apollo
- Arndale Centre
- Bridgewater Hall
- Castlefield Bowl
- Central
- Co-op Live
- Contact Theatre
- Cornerhouse
- The Factory
- Great Northern Warehouse
- HOME
- Palace Theatre
- Parrs Wood Entertainment Centre
- Opera House
- The Printworks
- Manchester Arena
- Manchester Academy
- O2 Ritz
- Royal Exchange Theatre
- Victoria Warehouse
- Alan Turing Memorial
- Albert Memorial
- B of the Bang
- The Glade of Light
- Cenotaph
- Rise up, Women (Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
- Peacock Mausoleum
- Victory Over Blindness
- Architecture
- Castles
- Churches
- Grade I listed
- Grade II* listed
- Grade II listed
- Mills
- Monuments
- Tallest
- Warehouses
Italics denote building under construction