Sayf al-Din Tatar

Sultan of Egypt and Syria

Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad
Khawand Zaynab
Sitt al-Muluk

Sayf al-Din Tatar (Arabic: الظاهر سيف الدين ططر; d. 30 November 1421) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 29 August to 30 November 1421.^[1]^[2]

Biography

Of Circassian descent, Tatar arrived in Cairo around 1399 as a young slave.^[3] He managed to carve out a path to prominence and eventually ascending to the rank of Emir.^[4] Even prior to the funeral of Sultan Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, he solidified his standing among the Mamluk elite and swiftly assumed control as regent for the young Sultan Al-Muzaffar Ahmad.^[5]

However, Tatar's rise to power wasn't without opposition. The viceroy of Damascus rebelled against his de facto authority,^[6] only to be subdued by his forces.^[7] Following his victory, Tatar seized Damascus, eliminating many of his adversaries and marrying the mother of the young sultan, Khawand Sa'adat.^[8] He eventually dethroned the sultan at the Citadel of Damascus on August 29, 1421, claiming the Mamluk throne for himself before returning to Cairo.^[3]

However, he contracted a chronic illness, and his health declined rapidly, culminating in his demise on November 30, 1421.^[9] Just two days prior, he designated his son, Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad, as his successor to the throne.^[10]

Family

One of his wives was the daughter of Qutlubugha Hajji al-Banaqusi al-Turkmani al-Halabi. They together had one daughter, Khawand Fatima,^[11]^: 409 who married Sultan Barsbay,^[12] and died on 30 August 1469.^[13] Another wife was the daughter of Sudun al-Faqih.^[11]^: 43 Another wife was Khawand Sa'adat.^[14] She was the daughter of Sirghitmish, and had been previously married to Sultan Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh. They married on 4 August 1421. She died in 1430.^[15] He had one son, An-Nasir ad-Din Muhammad, who reigned between 1421 and 1422.^[16] Another daughter was Sitt al-Muluk. She was married to Yashbak as-Suduni, the commander-in-chief.^[17]^[18]

References

^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Egypt/3 History" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 09 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–130, see page 102, para (7). Period of Burjī Mamelukes & "Timur in Syria."
^ Eduard von Zambaur (1980). معجم الأنساب والأسرات الحاكمة في التاريخ الإسلامي للمستشرق زامباور (in Arabic). Beirut: IslamKotob. p. 163.
^ ^a ^b Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 198.
^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 199–200.
^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 168–176.
^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 179–186.
^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 188.
^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 190.
^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 204–206.
^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 206.
^ ^a ^b Ben-Bassat, Y. (2017). Developing Perspectives in Mamluk History: Essays in Honor of Amalia Levanoni. Islamic History and Civilization. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-34505-8.
^ Akkuş Yiğit, Fatma (2016-04-20). "Memlûk Sarayında Tek Eşlilik ve Çok Eşlilik Üzerine Bir İnceleme" (PDF). Journal of International Social Research. 9 (43). The Journal of International Social Research: 560. doi:10.17719/jisr.20164317631. ISSN 1307-9581.
^ Keddie, N.R.; Baron, B. (2008). Women in Middle Eastern History: Shifting Boundaries in Sex and Gender. Yale University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-300-15746-8.
^ Taghrībirdī, A.M.Y.I.; Popper, W. (1954). History of Egypt, 1382-1469 A.D.: 1412-1422 A.D. University of California Press. p. 142.
^ D'hulster, Kristof; Steenbergen, Jo Van. "Family Matters: The Family-In-Law Impulse in Mamluk Marriage Policy". Annales Islamologiques. 47: 61–82. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
^ Petry, C.F. (2008). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge University Press. p. 520. ISBN 978-0-521-06885-7.
^ Taghrībirdī, A.M.Y.I.; Popper, W.; Fischel, W.J. (1967). History of Egypt: An Extract from Abū L-Mahāsin Ibn Taghrī Birdī's Chronicle Entitled Hawādith Ad-Duhūr Fī Madā L-'Ayyām Wash-Shuhūr (845-854., A.H., A.D. 1441-1450). American oriental series: Essay. American Oriental Society. p. 23.
^ Conermann, S. (2014). Everything is on the Move: The Mamluk Empire as a Node in (trans-)regional Networks. Mamluk studies. V&R Unipress. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-8471-0274-8.