Megabirnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses with one genus Megabirnavirus which infects fungi.[1] The group name derives from member's bipartite dsRNA genome and mega that is greater genome size (16 kbp) than families Birnaviridae (6 kbp) and Picobirnaviridae (4 kbp). There is only one species in this family: Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1. Diseases associated with this family include: reduced host virulence.[2][3]
Structure
Viruses in the family Megabirnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 50 nm.[citation needed]
Genome
Genome organization of Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1
The genome is composed of two double-stranded RNA segments of 7.2–8.9 kbp each and of a total length of 16.1 kbp. The genome codes for four proteins.[2][3]
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by cell to cell movement. Fungi serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are parental and sexual.[2][3]
Genus
Host details
Tissue tropism
Entry details
Release details
Replication site
Assembly site
Transmission
Megabirnavirus
Fungi
None
Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis
Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis
Taxonomy
Phylogenetic tree of family Megabirnaviridae
The family Megabirnaviridae has one genus which has one species:[4]
