Livingstonite
(repeating unit)HgSb4S8 IMA symbol Lst[1] Strunz classification 2.HA.15 Crystal system Monoclinic Crystal class Prismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol) Space group A2/a Unit cell a = 30.567(6), b = 4.015(1)
c = 21.465(3) [Å]; β = 103.39°; Z = 8 Identification Color Blackish gray; in polished section, white; red in transmitted light, with deep red internal reflections Crystal habit As needles elongated [010], to 12 cm; also fibrous, massive, columnar, and in globular masses and interlaced needles. Cleavage Perfect on {001}, poor on {010} and {100} Fracture Uneven, flat surfaces Tenacity Flexible Mohs scale hardness 2 Luster Adamantine to metallic Streak Red Diaphaneity Opaque, translucent in thin fragments Specific gravity 4.8 – 4.88 meas. 4.98 calc. Optical properties Biaxial (–) Refractive index >= 2.72 Pleochroism Weak; strongly anisotropic References [2][3][4]
(same H-M symbol)
c = 21.465(3) [Å]; β = 103.39°; Z = 8
Livingstonite is a mercury antimony sulfosalt mineral. It occurs in low-temperature hydrothermal veins associated with cinnabar, stibnite, sulfur and gypsum.
It was first described in 1874 for an occurrence in Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Guerrero, Mexico. It was named to honor Scottish explorer of Africa, David Livingstone.[5]
Its crystal structure was determined in 1957[6] and redetermined in 1975.[7]
References
- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/livingstonite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
- ^ http://www.mindat.org/min-2424.html Mindat
- ^ http://webmineral.com/data/Livingstonite.shtml Webmineral data
- ^ Barcena, M (1874). "On livingstonite, a new mineral". American Journal of Science. 108: 145–146.
- ^ Niizeki, N.; Buerger, M.J. (1957). "The crystal structure of livingstonite, HgSb4S8". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 109 (1–6): 129–157. Bibcode:1957ZK....109..129N. doi:10.1524/zkri.1957.109.1-6.129. S2CID 96358610.
- ^ Srikrishnan, T.; Nowacki, W. (1975). "A redetermination of the crystal structure of livingstonite, HgSb4S8". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 141 (3–4): 174–192. Bibcode:1975ZK....141..174S. doi:10.1524/zkri.1975.141.3-4.174.
- Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944) Dana's system of mineralogy, (7th edition), v. I, 485–486
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