Lithium iodide

Lithium iodide
Identifiers
__ Li⁺ __ I⁻

CAS Number	10377-51-2^Y 17023-24-4 (monohydrate)^N 17023-25-5 (dihydrate)^N 7790-22-9 (trihydrate)^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	59699^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.735
PubChem CID	66321
UNII	S6K2XET783^Y PS8215OJNR (trihydrate)^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30908580
InChI InChI=1S/HI.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1^Y Key: HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M^Y InChI=1/HI.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-REWHXWOFAM
SMILES [Li+].[I-]
Properties
Chemical formula	LiI
Molar mass	133.85 g/mol
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Density	4.076 g/cm³ (anhydrous) 3.494 g/cm³ (trihydrate)
Melting point	469 °C (876 °F; 742 K)
Boiling point	1,171 °C (2,140 °F; 1,444 K)
Solubility in water	1510 g/L (0 °C) 1670 g/L (25 °C) 4330 g/L (100 °C) ^[1]
Solubility	soluble in ethanol, propanol, ethanediol, ammonia
Solubility in methanol	3430 g/L (20 °C)
Solubility in acetone	426 g/L (18 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−50.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (n_D)	1.955
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	0.381 J/g K or 54.4 J/mol K
Std molar entropy (S^⦵₂₉₈)	75.7 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^⦵₂₉₈)	-2.02 kJ/g or −270.48 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (Δ_fG^⦵)	-266.9 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions	Lithium fluoride Lithium chloride Lithium bromide Lithium astatide
Other cations	Sodium iodide Potassium iodide Rubidium iodide Caesium iodide Francium iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Lithium iodide, or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in color, due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine.^[2] It crystallizes in the NaCl motif.^[3] It can participate in various hydrates.^[4]

Applications

LiI chains grown inside double-wall carbon nanotubes.^[5]

Lithium iodide is used as a solid-state electrolyte for high-temperature batteries. It is also the standard electrolyte in artificial pacemakers^[6] due to the long cycle life it enables.^[7] The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection.^[8] It is also used, in a complex with Iodine, in the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells.

In organic synthesis, LiI is useful for cleaving C-O bonds. For example, it can be used to convert methyl esters to carboxylic acids:^[9]

RCO₂CH₃ + LiI → RCO₂Li + CH₃I

Similar reactions apply to epoxides and aziridines.

Lithium iodide was used as a radiocontrast agent for CT scans. Its use was discontinued due to renal toxicity. Inorganic iodine solutions suffered from hyperosmolarity and high viscosities. Current iodinated contrast agents are organoiodine compounds.^[10]

References

^ Patnaik, Pradyot (2002) Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
^ "Lithium iodide" (PDF). ESPI Corp. MSDS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2005-09-16.
^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
^ Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_393.
^ Senga, Ryosuke; Suenaga, Kazu (2015). "Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements". Nature Communications. 6: 7943. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7943S. doi:10.1038/ncomms8943. PMC 4532884. PMID 26228378.
^ Holmes, C. (2007-09-28). "The Lithium/Iodine-Polyvinylpyridine Pacemaker Battery - 35 years of Successful Clinical Use". ECS Transactions. 6 (5): 1–7. Bibcode:2007ECSTr...6e...1H. doi:10.1149/1.2790382. ISSN 1938-5862. S2CID 138189063.
^ Hanif, Maryam (2008). "The Pacemaker Battery - Review Article". UIC Bioengineering Student Journal.
^ Nicholson, K. P.; et al. (1955). "Some lithium iodide phosphors for slow neutron detection". Br. J. Appl. Phys. 6 (3): 104–106. Bibcode:1955BJAP....6..104N. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/6/3/311.
^ Charette, André B.; Barbay, J. Kent and He, Wei (2005) "Lithium Iodide" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rl121.pub2
^ Lusic, Hrvoje; Grinstaff, Mark W. (2013). "X-ray-Computed Tomography Contrast Agents". Chemical Reviews. 113 (3): 1641–66. doi:10.1021/cr200358s. PMC 3878741. PMID 23210836.