Fritillaria japonica

Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria japonica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Fritillaria
Species:
F. japonica
Binomial name
Fritillaria japonica

Fritillaria japonica is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, endemic to Japan.[4][5] It is a species in the genus Fritillaria, in the family Liliaceae. It is placed in the subgenus Japonica.

Description

Fritillaria japonica is characterised by the presence of a distinctly divided style, having smooth tepal margins and nectaries and white anthers. The flower is campanulate.[5]

Bulb c. 1 cm, stem 6–12 cm in height. Leaves lanceolate, about 6 cm in length. The lower leaves are opposite, the upper in a whorl of three. Flowers single, broad, campanulate, white with brown marking, unscented. Tepals 1.5–2 cm in length, nectaries yellow and 5–8 mm long, from angle of bell to apex. Style trifid (three-lobed) ovidistal 2 mm. Fruit a capsule not winged, tapering, apex to base, pendant at maturity. Seeds pear-shaped.[6]

Taxonomy

Fritillaria japonica was first described by Miquel in 1867, in his Prolusio Florae Japonicae.[1] He provides the following description (in Latin)[a] — "Stem 5 thumb breadths, arising from a bulb of few scales and scarcely larger than a pea, with 4–5 leaves at its apex, lanceolate and tapering to a point at both ends; single nodding spreading-campanulate flower born on a pedicel; perigonium half a thumb breadth, pointed and recurved at the tip, the outside pale lilac and dotted, the inside dotted lemon yellow and blood red; anthers yellow and elliptical-oblong; stigma with three linear lobes." He ends with Ad iconem libri iaponici determinavi, alluding to the fact he had examined the illustration in Iinuma's Somoku-zusetsubook (1856).

When Baker (1874) divided Fritillaria into subgenera, he was unsure where to place F. japonica and listed it under Species dubiae.[7] From then on there was considerable confusion as to the exact nature of the species and its taxonomic placement.[8] It was not till 2001 that Rix placed all the endemic species of Japan into one subgenus, Japonica,[9] a decision subsequently validated by molecular phylogenetic analysis.[10] Long considered a variety of Fritillaria koidzumiana, it continues to be sold in horticulture as Fritillaria japonica koidzumiana.[11]

Distribution and habitat

Central and southwest Honshu, Japan.[11] Found in peaty woodland soil.[6]

Notes

  1. ^ Caulis 5-pollicaris e bulbo vix maiore basi pauci-squamoso nudus, ....

References

Bibliography

  • Baker, J. G. (1874). "Revision of the Genera and Species of Tulipeae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. XIV (76). F. sewerzowii p. 267. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1874.tb00314.x.
  • Hill, Laurence (2011). "A taxonomic history of Japanese endemic Fritillaria (Liliaceae)". Kew Bulletin. 66 (2): 227–240. doi:10.1007/s12225-011-9285-9. JSTOR 23044676. S2CID 23262059.
  • Miquel, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm (1867). "Fritillaria japonica". Annales Musei botanici lugduno-batavi. 3 (5): 158.
  • Rix, Martyn (2001). Fritillaria: A Revised Classification: Together with an Updated List of Species. Fritillaria Group of the Alpine Garden Society.
  • Rønsted, N.; Law, S.; Thornton, H.; Fay, M. F.; Chase, M. W. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 35 (3): 509–527. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.574.7908. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.023. PMID 15878122.
  • TPL (2013). "The Plant List 1.1: Fritillaria japonica Miq". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  • WCSP. "Fritillaria japonica Miq.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  • IPNI (2005). "Fritillaria japonica Miq.". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  • Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A.; Didžiulis V., eds. (2014). "Fritillaria japonica Miq". Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist. Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands: ITIS, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  • "Fritillaria japonica Miq". eMonocot. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  • "Fritillaria japonica". Fritillaria species: A. Fritillaria Group, Alpine Garden Society. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
    • AGS (2011). "Fritillaria japonica". Plant Encyclopaedia. Alpine Garden Society. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  • PBS (25 July 2015). "Fritillaria japonica". Asian Fritillaria. Pacific Bulb Society. Retrieved 4 November 2017.

External links

  • Data related to Fritillaria japonica at Wikispecies
  • Media related to Fritillaria japonica at Wikimedia Commons
Taxon identifiers
Fritillaria japonica