Equus lenensis

Extinct species of mammal

Equus lenensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Equidae
Genus:	Equus
Species:	E. lenensis
Binomial name
*Equus lenensis* Russanov, 1968^[1]

Equus lenensis, the Lena horse, is an extinct species of horse from the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of Siberia,^[2]^[3]^[4] Some sources have considered it a subspecies of the wild horse.^[5] Genetic studies show that E. lenensis does not descend from the last common ancestor of living horses, and is estimated to have diverged from them approximately 115,000 years ago, though it is more closely related to modern horses than either are to a highly divergent horse lineage from the Holocene of the Iberian Peninsula. The youngest remains of the species date to 5,000 years Before Present (~3000 BC).^[4]

A notable Lena horse specimen was found in Batagaika crater in Russia^[3] which was preserved almost completely intact, and with liquid blood within its preserved veins.^[3]

References

^ Spasskaya, N.N.; Pavlinov, I.Ya.; Sharko, F.S.; Boulygina, E.S.; Tsygankova, S.V.; Nedoluzhko, A.V.; Boeskorov, G.G.; Mashchenko, E.N. (2021-05-28). "Morphometric and genetic analyses of diversity of the Lena horse (Equus lenensis Russanov, 1968; Mammalia: Equidae)". Russian Journal of Theriology. 20 (1). KMK Scientific Press: 82–95. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.09. ISSN 1682-3559. S2CID 236411693.
^ updated, Stephanie Pappas last (2019-04-18). "42,000-Year-Old Foal Entombed in Ice Still Had Liquid Blood in Its Veins". livescience.com. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mindy Weisberger (2018-08-24). "Siberian Permafrost Reveals Perfectly Preserved Ice-Age Baby Horse". livescience.com. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
^ ^a ^b Fages, Antoine; Hanghøj, Kristian; Khan, Naveed; Gaunitz, Charleen; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Leonardi, Michela; McCrory Constantz, Christian; Gamba, Cristina; Al-Rasheid, Khaled A.S.; Albizuri, Silvia; Alfarhan, Ahmed H.; Allentoft, Morten; Alquraishi, Saleh; Anthony, David; Baimukhanov, Nurbol (May 2019). "Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series". Cell. 177 (6): 1419–1435.e31. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.049. PMC 6547883. PMID 31056281.
^ Kuzmin, Yaroslav V; Kosintsev, Pavel A; Stepanov, Aleksandr D; Boeskorov, Gennady G; Cruz, Richard J (April 2017). "Chronology and Faunal Remains of the Khayrgas Cave (Eastern Siberia, Russia)". Radiocarbon. 59 (2): 575–582. Bibcode:2017Radcb..59..575K. doi:10.1017/RDC.2016.39. ISSN 0033-8222.

Species of the genus Equus

Extinct species are marked †

Asses

African wild ass (Equus africanus)	Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus) Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) †Atlas wild ass (Equus africanus atlanticus) Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)
Onager / Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus)	Mongolian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemionus) †Syrian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemippus) Indian wild ass (Equus hemionus khur) Turkmenian kulan (Equus hemionus kulan) Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager) †European wild ass (Equus hemionus hydruntinus)
Kiang/Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang)	Western kiang (Equus kiang kiang) Northern kiang (Equus kiang chu) Eastern kiang (Equus kiang holdereri) Southern kiang (Equus kiang polyodon)

Horses

Wild horse (Equus ferus)	Horse (Equus ferus caballus) †Tarpan (Equus ferus ferus) Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii)

Zebras

Plains zebra (Equus quagga)	†Quagga (Equus quagga quagga) Burchell's zebra (Equus quagga burchellii) Grant's zebra (Equus quagga boehmi) Maneless zebra (Equus quagga borensis) Chapman's zebra (Equus quagga chapmani) Crawshay's zebra (Equus quagga crawshayi) Selous' zebra (Equus quagga selousi)
Mountain zebra (Equus zebra)	Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) Hartmann's mountain zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae)
Grévy's zebra (Equus grevy)	Grévy's zebra (Equus grevy)