Encephalomyelitis

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

Medical condition

Encephalomyelitis
Specialty	Neurology

Encephalomyelitis is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Various types of encephalomyelitis include:

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or postinfectious encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, possibly triggered by viral infection.^[1]^[2]
Encephalomyelitis disseminata, a synonym for multiple sclerosis.
AntiMOG associated encephalomyelitis, one of the underlying conditions for the phenotype neuromyelitis optica^[3]^[4] and in general all the spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases.^[5]
Eastern equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Western equine encephalitis: a group of viral illnesses that can affect horses and humans; collectively termed Equine encephalitis.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of brain inflammation.
Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) – A kind of stiff person syndrome.
AIDS-related encephalomyelitis, caused by opportunistic Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection.^[6]

References

^ Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases
^ Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Information Page at NINDS
^ Pröbstel AK et al. Anti-MOG antibodies are present in a subgroup of patients with a neuromyelitis optica phenotype. J Neuroinflammation. 2015 Mar 8;12(1):46.
^ Melania Spadaro et al. Histopathology and clinical course of MOG-antibody-associated encephalomyelitis. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology Volume 2, Issue 3, pages 295–301, March 2015 doi:10.1002/acn3.164
^ Reindl M, Di Pauli F, Rostásy K, Berger T. The spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013 Aug;9(8):455-61. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2013.118. Epub 2013 Jun 25. PMID 23797245
^ S. M. de la Monte, MD, MPH, D. D. Ho, MD, R. T. Schooley, MD, M. S. Hirsch, MD and E. P. Richardson Jr., MD Subacute encephalomyelitis of AIDS and its relation to HTLV‐III infection Neurology April 1987 vol. 37 no. 4 562 doi:10.1212/WNL.37.4.562

Classification	D ICD-10: G04-G05 ICD-9-CM: 323 MeSH: D004679 SNOMED CT: 62950007

Diseases of the nervous system, primarily CNS

Brain	Encephalitis Viral encephalitis Herpesviral encephalitis Limbic encephalitis Encephalitis lethargica Cavernous sinus thrombosis Brain abscess Amoebic
Brain and spinal cord	Encephalomyelitis Acute disseminated Meningitis Meningoencephalitis

Extrapyramidal and movement disorders	Basal ganglia disease Parkinsonism PD Postencephalitic NMS NBIA PKAN Tauopathy PSP Striatonigral degeneration Hemiballismus HD OA Dyskinesia Dystonia Status dystonicus Spasmodic torticollis Meige's Blepharospasm Athetosis Chorea Choreoathetosis Myoclonus Myoclonic epilepsy Akathisia Tremor Essential tremor Intention tremor Restless legs Stiff-person
Dementia	Tauopathy Alzheimer's Early-onset Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Pick's Lewy bodies dementia Posterior cortical atrophy Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Vascular dementia
Mitochondrial disease	Leigh syndrome

Seizures and epilepsy	Focal Generalised Status epilepticus For more detailed coverage, see Template:Epilepsy
Headache	Migraine Cluster Tension For more detailed coverage, see Template:Headache
Cerebrovascular	TIA Stroke For more detailed coverage, see Template:Cerebrovascular diseases
Other	Sleep disorders For more detailed coverage, see Template:Sleep