Costantino Lazzari
Italian politician
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Costantino Lazzari | |
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| Personal details | |
| Born | (1857-01-01)1 January 1857 Cremona, Italy |
| Died | 29 December 1927 (1927-12-30) (aged 70) Rome, Italy |
| Political party | POI (1882–1892) PSI (1892–1922) |
| Occupation | Artisan, politician |
Costantino Lazzari (1 January 1857, Cremona – 29 December 1927, Rome) was an Italian politician. He was one of the founders and main leaders of the Italian Socialist Party.[1]
Biography
Lazzari was born in Cremona, on 1 January 1857. He was an artisan and since his adolescence he was a member of the left-wing trade unions. In 1882 Lazzari founded (with Giuseppe Croce) the Italian Workers' Party (POI).
In 1886, Lazzari commissioned Filippo Turati and Amintore Galli to compose Workers' Hymn, considered among the most significant historic songs of the Italian workers' movement.[2][3]
In 1892 with Turati and Anna Kuliscioff, Lazzari founded the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) at the Genoa Congress.
Lazzari was the leader of the revolutionary wing of the Socialist Party, known as Massimalisti. In 1912 he was elected Secretary of the Socialist Party and led the party in the 1913 general election, where the PSI gained 17.6% of votes, arriving second after the governing Liberal Union of Giovanni Giolitti. In 1919 Lazzari resigned as Secretary.
In 1922 he was expelled from the PSI, accused of being a close ally of the new-established Communist Party (PCdI), and for being in favor of the PSI joining the Communist International.
After the formation of the Fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini, Lazzari was persecuted as a socialist and died in poverty in 1927.
References
- ^ Storia dei partiti politici italiani
- ^ Bosio, Gianni; Coggiola, Franco (1972) [15 November 1972]. "Il Canto dei lavoratori: Inno del Partito Operaio Italiano (testo di Filippo Turati, musica di Amintore Galli)" [The Workers' Hymn: Anthem of the Italian Workers' Party (text by Filippo Turati, music by Amintore Galli)]. Il Bosco degli alberi: Storia d'Italia dall'Unità ad oggi attraverso il giudizio delle classi popolari [The Forest of Trees: The History of Italy from Unification to Today through the Judgment of Popular Classes] (PDF) (in Italian) (2nd ed.). Milan: Edizioni del Gallo. pp. 37–46. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ Montemaggi, Andrea. "L' "Inno dei Lavoratori" nell'immaginario collettivo dell'epoca" [The "Workers' Hymn" in the collective imagination of the time]. montemaggi.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024.
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Italian Socialist Party
- Carlo Dell'Avalle (1892–1894)
- Filippo Turati (1895–1896)
- Enrico Ferri (1896)
- Carlo Dell'Avalle (1896–1898)
- Alfredo Bertesi (1898–1899)
- Enrico Bertini (1899–1900)
- Savino Varazzani (1900–1904)
- Enrico Ferri (1904–1906)
- Oddino Morgari (1906–1908)
- Pompeo Ciotti (1908–1912)
- Costantino Lazzari (1912–1918)
- Egidio Gennari (1918)
- Costantino Lazzari (1918–1919)
- Arturo Vella (1919)
- Nicola Bombacci (1919–1920)
- Egidio Gennari (1920–1921)
- Giovanni Bacci (1921)
- Domenico Fioritto (1921–1923)
- Tito Oro Nobili (1923–1925)
- Olindo Vernocchi (1925–1930)
- Ugo Coccia (1930–1932)
- Pietro Nenni (1933–1939)
- Giuseppe Saragat, Oddino Morgari and Angelo Tasca (1939–1942)
- Giuseppe Romita (1942–1943)
- Pietro Nenni (1943–1945)
- Sandro Pertini (1945)
- Rodolfo Morandi (1945–1946)
- Ivan Matteo Lombardo (1946–1947)
- Lelio Basso (1947–1948)
- Alberto Jacometti (1948–1949)
- Pietro Nenni (1949–1963)
- Francesco De Martino (1963–1968)
- Mario Tanassi (1966–1968)
- Mauro Ferri (1968–1969)
- Francesco De Martino (1969–1970)
- Giacomo Mancini (1970–1972)
- Francesco De Martino (1972–1976)
- Bettino Craxi (1976–1993)
- Giorgio Benvenuto (1993)
- Ottaviano Del Turco (1993–1994)
- Valdo Spini (1994)
- Italian Workers' Party
- Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
- Fasci Siciliani
- Avanti!
- Critica Sociale
- Red Guards
- Marxism
- Revolutionary socialism
- Maximalists
- National syndicalism
- Reformist socialism
- Social democracy
- Democratic socialism
- Division over World War I
- National Liberation Committee
- Italian resistance movement
- Craxism
- Sigonella incident
- Banco Ambrosiano scandal
- Mani pulite
- Italian Reformist Socialist Party
- Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria / Fasci Italiani di Combattimento / National Fascist Party / Republican Fascist Party
- Italian Communist Party / International Communist Party
- Unitary Socialist Party
- Maximalist Italian Socialist Party
- Socialist Unity
- Italian Democratic Socialist Party
- Italian Socialists / Italian Democratic Socialists / Socialist League
- Labour Federation
- Reformist Socialist Party
- Socialist Party / New Italian Socialist Party
- Italian Socialist Party (2007)
- Forza Italia (social-democrats faction)
- Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (social-democrats faction)
- Popular Democratic Front (1947-1948)
- Organic centre-left (1962-1976)
- Unified Socialist Party (1966-1971)
- Pentapartito (1981-1993)
- Alliance of Progressives (1994)
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