Chelkan language
Turkic language
| Chelkan | |
|---|---|
| Kuu-Kizhi, Chalkan | |
| куу, чалканду | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Altai Republic |
| Ethnicity | Chelkans |
Native speakers | 648 (2021)[1] |
Language family | Turkic
|
Writing system | Cyrillic script |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | chel1242 |
 A map of the Altai languages, including Chelkan (in red). | |
Chelkan (also Chalkan, Chalqandu) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia.
The Chelkans
The Chelkans are sometimes called "Lebeds" (Russian: Лебедины, Lebediny), of the name of the river which runs through the Altai Republic, or Qu'Kiji. In the 2002 Russian census, their population rose to 855 people.
Internal classification
Chelkan is classified in the Siberian Turkic languages. It is considered to be a dialect of Northern Altai. Chelkan, aside from knowing Chelkan, can also understand Tubalar and Kumandin.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | ||||
| Stop | voiceless | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | /q/ | |||
| voiced | /d/ | /g/ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /ħ/ | ||||
| voiced | /β/ | /z/ | /ʒ/ | /ɣ/ | ||||
| Approximant | /w/ | /l/ | /j/ | |||||
| Vibrant | /r/ | |||||||
Vowels
| Front | Back | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i | iː | ʏ | ʏː | ɪ | ɪː | ʊ | ʊː |
| e | eː | |||||||
| Mid | œ | œː | ɔ | ɔː | ||||
| Open | ɑ | ɑː | ||||||
Orthography
In 2008, an alphabet was created for the Chelkan language.
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ӷ ӷ | Д д | Ј ј | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Ң ң | О о | Ӧ ӧ |
| П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч |
| Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
In 2017-18, the alphabet was modified with the addition of the letter Њ њ.
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ғ ғ | Д д | Ј ј | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Қ қ | Л л | М м | Н н | Ҥ ҥ | Њ њ |
| О о | Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х |
| Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
Notes and references
- ^ 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
- ^ a b "Челканский | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-06-12.
Sources
- (ru) Баскаков, Н.A., Диалект чернёвых татар (туба-кижи), Северные диалекты алтаиского (ойротского) языка, 2 volumes, Moscou, Nauka, 1965–1966.
External links
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World (unknown ed.). SIL International.[This citation is dated, and should be substituted with a specific edition of Ethnologue], which is incorrect about Northern Altai dialects, for which it gives names of southern dialects as alternative names.
- (en) Chelkan on the Russian UNESCO website for Siberian languages
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- Proto-Turkic
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| Karluk |
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| Kipchak |
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| Oghuz |
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| Siberian |
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- Chuvash
- Bulgar
- Khazar
- Pecheneg
- Italics indicate extinct languages
- Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.
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