Bruckner rhythm
The Bruckner rhythm is a 2 + 3 (duplet + triplet) or 3 + 2 rhythm in Anton Bruckner's symphonic music, where it occurs prevalently,[1][2] and in many different ways.[3]
One example is in the main theme of the first movement of Symphony No. 4, from bars 43 forward:[4]
Bruckner also used the rhythm with a single pitch repeated, and this is the only way it occurs in Symphony No. 2 (e.g., bars 20 and 122).[5] In Symphony No. 6, the Bruckner rhythm occurs to a much greater extent than in previous works, in several parts at slightly different times. At first it occurs as a string ostinato high in the violins' range against a melody of different rhythm in the cellos (bar 3),[6] while at bars 195–209 it serves to articulate hexatonic cycle block chords.[7] The rhythm occurs in somewhat more "manageable" form in the secondary theme group of Symphony No. 8, where it usually occurs in the same way in all the parts.
The Bruckner rhythm also occurs in the works of other composers, such as in Howard Hanson's Romantic Symphony, where it occurs mostly in the horns' and trumpets' parts.
References
- ^ Milton John Cross & David Ewen, Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music. New York: Doubleday (1962): 158. "The second element is a rhythmic pattern so often employed by the composer that it is known as the "Bruckner rhythm."
- ^ Hans-Hubert Schönzeler (1978). Bruckner. London: Marion Boyars Publishers. p. 59.
- ^ John Williamson, "The Brucknerian symphony: an overview", The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 79. "Yet even so instantly recognizable a rhythmic tic can be used with great variety."
- ^ Benjamin Korstvedt [fr], "Aspects of Bruckner's approach to symphonic form" The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 186.
- ^ Derek Watson, Bruckner. New York: Schuster & Macmillan (1997): 81
- ^ (Williamson, 2004): 79
- ^ Kevin Swinden, "Bruckner and harmony" The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 222. "The orchestral texture through this passage is thick, articulating block chords in the 'Bruckner-rhythm' that characterizes the movement, supporting a reprise of the first theme of the symphony."
External links
- Symphonie No. 2 de Bruckner: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Time analysis Symphony No. 2, William Carragan
- Symphonie No. 4 de Bruckner: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Time analysis Symphony No. 4, William Carragan
- Symphonie No. 6 de Bruckner: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Time analysis Symphony No. 6, William Carragan
- Free scores by Symphonie No. 8 de Bruckner at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- Time analysis Symphony No. 8, William Carragan
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Anton Bruckner
- Symphonies (1863–1896)
- Symphony in F minor (1863)
- No. 1 in C minor (1866/1891)
- Symphony in D minor (1869)
- No. 2 in C minor (1872/1877)
- No. 3 in D minor (1873/1877/1889)
- No. 4 in E♭ major (Romantic; 1874/1878–1880/1888)
- No. 5 in B♭ major (1876)
- No. 6 in A major (1881)
- No. 7 in E major (1883)
- No. 8 in C minor (1887/1890)
- No. 9 in D minor (1896) (unfinished)
- Four Orchestral Pieces (1862)
- Overture in G minor (1862–1863)
- March in E-flat major (1865)
- Symphonisches Präludium (1876)
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- Piano works (1850–1868)
- Chamber music (1862–1879)
- String Quartet (1862)
- Rondo in C minor (1862)
- Abendklänge (1866)
- String Quintet (1879)
- Intermezzo in D minor (1879)
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