Bessey system

System of plant classification

A system of plant taxonomy, the Bessey system was published by Charles Bessey in 1915.[1]

Description

Bessey based his system on the tradition of de Candolle, Bentham and Hooker and Hallier. He was also influenced by Darwin and Wallace. He taught that taxonomy must be based on evolutionary principles.[2] Like Wettstein he placed the Ranales at the origin of Angiospermae.

He considered Spermatophyta as having a polyphyletic origin, being composed by three different phyla, of which he only treated Anthophyta (syn.: Angiosperms). In that he used the same names for the subclasses of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, this is contrary to contemporary rules on plant nomenclature that require names to be unique. However Bessey actually used a qualifying hyphenation (Alternifoliae-Strobiloideae and Oppositifoliae-Strobiloideae), a distinction not always recognised in reference to this scheme. With some modifications, most modern classifications - for example, those of Cronquist (1981, 1983, 1988), Takhtajan (1969, 1980, 1983, 1991), Stebbins (1974), R. Dahlgren (1975, 1980, 1983; R. Dahlgren et al. 1981; R. Dahlgren and F. N. Rasmussen 1983; R. Dahlgren and K. Bremer 1985; G. Dahlgren 1989), and Thorne (1976, 1981, 1983, 1992) - follow the Bessey tradition.[3]

Summary

  • phylum Angiospermae
    1 classis Alternifoliae syn.:Monocotyledoneae
    2 classis Oppositifoliae syn.: Dicotyledoneae

Alternifoliae

Oppositifoliae

References

  1. ^ Bessey 1915.
  2. ^ *Bessey, Charles (September 1897). "Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Angiosperms". Botanical Gazette. XXIV (3): 145–178. doi:10.1086/327577. PMID 17816268. S2CID 88268600. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  3. ^ Zomlefer, W. B. (1994):Guide to flowering plant families

Bibliography

  • Bessey, Charles E. (1915). "The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2 (1/2): 109–164. doi:10.2307/2990030. JSTOR 2990030. (also at "Botanicus.org". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 5 February 2017.)
  • Rodolphe Spichiger, Mathieu Perret, ed. (2004) [2002]. Botanique systématique des plantes à fleurs: une approche phylogénétique nouvelle des angiospermes des régions tempérées et tropicales [Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants]. Lausanne: Science Publishers. ISBN 1578083737.
  • Singh, Gurcharan (2004). Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. ISBN 1-57808-351-6. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  • G. H. M. Lawrence (1951). Taxonomy of vascular plants.
  • v
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This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by Lindley in his 1853 edition, and Dahlgren (1982). Examples include the works of Scopoli, Ventenat, Batsch and Grisebach.
John Ray system (1686–1704)
  • A discourse on the seeds of plants
  • Methodus plantarum nova
  • De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis
  • Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta
Linnaean system (1735–51)
Adanson system (1763)
Familles naturelles des plantes
De Jussieu system (1789)
Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
De Candolle system (1819–24)
Berchtold and Presl
system (1820–1823)
Agardh system (1825)
Classes Plantarum
Gray system (1821)
The Natural Arrangement of British Plants
Perleb system (1826)
Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs
Dumortier system (1829)
Analyse des familles des plantes
Lindley system (1830–45)
  • An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany
  • The Vegetable Kingdom
Don system (1834)
General History of Dichlamydious Plants.
Bentham & Hooker system
(1862–83)
Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita.
Baillon system (1867–94)
Histoire des plantes
Post-Darwinian (Phyletic)
Nineteenth century
Eichler system (1875–1886)
  • Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert
  • Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde
Engler system (1886–1924)
van Tieghem system (1891)
Traité de botanique
Twentieth century
Dalla Torre & Harms
system (1900–07)
Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta
Warming system (1912)
Haandbog i den systematiske botanik
Hallier system (1912)
L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes
Bessey system (1915)
The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants
Wettstein system (1901–35)
Handbuch der systematischen Botanik
Lotsy system (1907–11)
Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik.
Hutchinson system (1926–73)
The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny
Calestani system (1933)
Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme
Kimura system (1956)
Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones
Emberger system (1960)
Traité de Botanique systématique
Melchior system (1964)
Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
Takhtajan system (1966–97)
  • A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants
  • Flowering plants: origin and dispersal
  • Diversity and classification of flowering plants
Cronquist system (1968–81)
  • The evolution and classification of flowering plants
  • An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
Goldberg system (1986–89
Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons
Dahlgren system (1975–85)
The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy
Thorne system (1968–2000)
An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants
Kubitzki system (1990–)
The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
Reveal system (1997)
Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
See also
Plantae at Wikispecies •