Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election
2024 U.S. presidential election | |||
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Democratic Party | |||
Republican Party | |||
Third parties | |||
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Related races | |||
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In the 2024 United States presidential election, different laws and procedures govern whether or not a candidate or political party is entitled to appear on voters' ballots.[1] Since election processes are decentralized by Article I, Section 4, of the United States Constitution, these laws are established and enforced by the states.[2] Additionally, there are often different requirements for primary and general elections, and requirements for primary elections may additionally differ by party.
Additionally, the filing requirements to appear on the ballot often differ between parties and independents, leading some independents such as Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to create a party to get on the ballot in states where the requirement is lower for party-sponsored candidates. Conversely, organizations such as No Labels and parties like the Libertarians and Greens will have their nominee petition as an independent in states where such a route is less restrictive. [3]
Maps
All maps are current as of April 4, 2024.
- Write-in accessWrite-in registration not requiredWrite-in candidates required to file, deadline not yet passedWrite-ins not allowed
- Ballot access for political partiesPetition deadline passedPetition deadline not yet passedBallot access determined by party registrationBallot access determined by convention attendanceBallot access not determined by petition or registration
- Ballot access for independent candidatesDeadline passedDeadline not yet passed
Deadlines
All dates are in the year 2024 unless otherwise stated.
State | Minor party[4] | Independent[5] | Write-in |
---|---|---|---|
AL | Mar 5 | Aug 15 | Automatic[6] |
AK | Aug 7 | Aug 7 | No write-ins[7] |
AZ | Nov 30, 2023 | Aug 17 | Sep 26[8] |
AR | Aug 5 | Aug 1 | No write-ins[6] |
CA | Jul 5 | Aug 9 | Oct 22[9] |
CO | Jul 1 | Jul 11 | Jul 18[10] |
CT | N/A[a] | Aug 7 | Oct 7[11] |
DE | N/A[b] | Sep 3 | Oct 28[12] |
DC | TBD | Aug 7 | Nov 12[13] |
FL | N/A[c] | Jul 15 | Jul 15[14] |
GA | Jul 9 | Jul 9[15] | Sep 3[16] |
HI | Feb 22 | Aug 7 | No write-ins[6] |
ID | Aug 30 | Aug 1 | Sep 6[17] |
IL | N/A[d] | Jun 24 | Sep 5[18] |
IN | N/A[e] | Jul 1 | Jul 3[19] |
IA | N/A[f] | Aug 16 | Automatic[6] |
KS | Jun 1 | Aug 5 | Oct 14[20] |
KY | N/A[g] | Sep 6 | Oct 25[21] |
LA | N/A[h] | Aug 23 | No write-ins[6] |
ME | N/A[i] | Aug 1 | Aug 27[22] |
MD | Aug 5 | Aug 5 | Oct 30[23] |
MA | N/A[j] | Aug 27 | Sep 6[24] |
MI | Jul 18 | Jul 18 | Oct 25[25] |
MN | Jun 4 | Aug 20 | Oct 29[26] |
MS | N/A[k] | Sep 6 | No write-ins[6] |
MO | Jul 29 | Jul 29 | Oct 25[27] |
MT | Feb 22 | May 27 | Sep 11[28] |
NE | N/A[l] | Aug 1 | Oct 25[29] |
NV | May 17 | Jul 5 | No write-ins[6] |
NH | Aug 7 | Jun 14 | Automatic[6] |
NJ | N/A[m] | Jul 29 | Automatic[6] |
NM | TBD[n] | Jun 27 | No write-ins[6] |
NY | N/A[o] | May 28 | Oct 15[30] |
NC | Jun 1 | Mar 5 | Aug 7[31] |
ND | N/A[p] | Sep 3 | Oct 15[32] |
OH | Jul 3 | Aug 7 | Aug 25[33] |
OK | Feb 29 | Jul 15 | No write-ins[6] |
OR | TBD[q] | Aug 27 | Automatic[6] |
PA | N/A[r] | Aug 1 | Automatic[6] |
RI | Aug 1 | Sep 6 | Automatic[6] |
SC | May 5 | Jul 15 | No write-ins[6] |
SD | Mar 26 | Aug 6 | No write-ins[6] |
TN | Aug 7 | Aug 15 | Sep 16[34] |
TX | May 28[s] | May 13 | Aug 19[35] |
UT | Nov 30, 2023 | Jun 15[t] | Sep 1[37] |
VT | N/A[u] | Aug 1 | Automatic[6] |
VA | N/A[v] | Aug 23 | Oct 28[38] |
WA | N/A[w] | Aug 2 | Poll closure[39] |
WV | N/A[x] | Aug 1 | Sep 17[40] |
WI | Apr 1 | Aug 6 | Oct 22[41] |
WY | Jun 1 | Aug 26 | Automatic[6] |
General election
The following is a table for which parties and independent candidates have received presidential ballot access in which states.
indicates that the party or candidate is on the ballot in 2024.
indicates that the party or candidate has credibly finished petitioning for the ballot awaiting certification.
indicates that the state has automatic write-in access.
indicates that the candidate is a recognized write-in candidate.
indicates that the party or candidate did not register for any ballot access for 2024 before the deadline, write-in or otherwise.
Parties not expected to field candidates for President and parties without presidential ballot access will not be included.
State / electors | Nominated parties and independents | Parties without nominees | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Green | Libertarian | |||||||||||||
AL | 9 | |||||||||||||
AK | 3 | [aa] | ||||||||||||
AZ | 11 | |||||||||||||
AR | 6 | |||||||||||||
CA | 54 | |||||||||||||
CO | 10 | |||||||||||||
CT | 7 | |||||||||||||
DE | 3 | |||||||||||||
DC | 3 | |||||||||||||
FL | 30 | |||||||||||||
GA | 16 | |||||||||||||
HI | 4 | |||||||||||||
ID | 4 | |||||||||||||
IL | 19 | |||||||||||||
IN | 11 | |||||||||||||
IA | 6 | |||||||||||||
KS | 6 | |||||||||||||
KY | 8 | |||||||||||||
LA | 8 | |||||||||||||
ME | 4 | |||||||||||||
MD | 10 | |||||||||||||
MA | 11 | [ab] | ||||||||||||
MI | 15 | |||||||||||||
MN | 10 | |||||||||||||
MS | 6 | |||||||||||||
MO | 10 | |||||||||||||
MT | 4 | |||||||||||||
NE | 5 | |||||||||||||
NV | 6 | [ac] | ||||||||||||
NH | 4 | |||||||||||||
NJ | 14 | |||||||||||||
NM | 5 | [ad] | ||||||||||||
NY | 28 | |||||||||||||
NC | 16 | |||||||||||||
ND | 3 | |||||||||||||
OH | 17 | |||||||||||||
OK | 7 | |||||||||||||
OR | 8 | |||||||||||||
PA | 19 | |||||||||||||
RI | 4 | |||||||||||||
SC | 9 | |||||||||||||
SD | 3 | [ae] | ||||||||||||
TN | 11 | |||||||||||||
TX | 40 | |||||||||||||
UT | 6 | |||||||||||||
VT | 3 | |||||||||||||
VA | 13 | |||||||||||||
WA | 12 | |||||||||||||
WV | 4 | |||||||||||||
WI | 10 | |||||||||||||
WY | 3 | |||||||||||||
Green | Libertarian | |||||||||||||
Total states + DC (write-in) | 13 (7) | 4 (9) | 13 (7) | 6 (5) | 51 | 21 (8) | 36 (5) | 51 | ||||||
Total electors (write-in) | 126 (59) | 23 (70) | 169 (60) | 39 (59) | 538 | 269 (62) | 368 (50) | 538 | ||||||
Ref. | [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] |
Ballot access in three states or fewer
Parties
- American Solidarity Party (Peter Sonski for President, Lauren Onak for Vice President) – Arkansas, Hawaii (10 electoral votes)[44]
- Prohibition Party (Michael Wood for President, John Pietrowski for Vice President) – Arkansas (6 electors)[44]
Independents
- Jill Stein[ah] – Idaho (4 electors)[61]
Ballot access in three states or fewer, nominee expected
The following parties are expected to run a candidate for President and Vice President, or have done so in the past.
- Peace and Freedom Party – California (54 electors)[62][ai]
- Natural Law Party (Florida affiliate) – Florida (30 electors)[65][aj]
- Liberal Party USA – Massachusetts and New Mexico (16 electors)[66][67]
- Alliance Party – South Carolina and Alaska (12 electors)[68][69]
- Approval Voting Party – Colorado (10 electors)[70]
- Legal Marijuana Now Party - Nebraska (5 electors)[71][72]
- Green Party of Alaska[ak] – Alaska (3 electors)[69]
Controversies
Republican primary
Chris Christie Maine qualification controversy
Former Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie failed to make the Maine primary ballot, as he did not submit the required 2,000 signatures to the Secretary of State by the November 20 deadline. Christie attempted to appeal the decision, but the Maine Superior Court upheld the secretary's ruling.[73]
Democratic primary
Florida controversy
On November 30, 2023, the Florida Democratic Party only submitted Joe Biden's name to the secretary of state. Candidates can be placed on the ballot either by petition, or having the party submit their name to the secretary of state.[74] As his name was the only one on the ballot, the Democratic primary was cancelled under Florida law. Democratic presidential candidate Dean Phillips heavily criticized the decision, stating "Americans would expect the absence of democracy in Tehran, not Tallahassee."[75] A lawsuit attempting to place Phillips as well as Marianne Williamson and Cenk Uygur candidates was lost in district court.[76]
Tennessee controversy
Tennessee secretary of state Tre Hargett only certified Joe Biden's name for the Democratic primary ballot.[77] Dean Phillips's petition to be placed on the ballot was rejected, as he did not collect enough valid signatures.[78] As voters are still able to vote for Uncommitted as well as write-in candidates, the primary still took place.[79] Joe Biden won the Tennessee primary against Uncommitted by 84 points.[80]
Democratic primary
The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states.
indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest.
indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate.
indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest.
indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.
Republican primary
The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.
indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest.
indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest.
indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot.
Candidates listed in italics have suspended their campaigns.
Third party primaries
Libertarian primary
The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states. indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest, indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.
State | Date | Ballay | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Olivier | Rectenwald | Smith | ter Maat | Other | NOTA | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ | Jan 13 | [209] | ||||||||||
IA | Jan 15 | Ballot access not required | ||||||||||
AL | Feb 3 | [aw] | [210] | |||||||||
MS | Feb 24 | [ax] | [211] | |||||||||
MN | Feb 27 | All FEC filed candidates qualified | [212] | |||||||||
IN | Mar 2 | [213] | ||||||||||
PA | [ay] | [214] | ||||||||||
MA | Mar 5 | [215] | ||||||||||
NC | [az] | [216] | ||||||||||
CA | [217][218] | |||||||||||
OK | [219] | |||||||||||
CT | April 2 | [ba] | [220] | |||||||||
ME | May 5 | [bb] | [221] | |||||||||
NE | May 14 | [222] | ||||||||||
NM | Jun 4 | [223] |
Green primary
The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states.
indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest
indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate
indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest.
indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot.
If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed or ballot access information is unavailable.
State | Date | Sherman | Stein | Zavala | Others | NOTA [bc] | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KS | February 5 | [bd] | [224] | ||||
PA | March 4 | [be] | [225][226] | ||||
CA | March 5 | [bf] | [227] | ||||
IL | March 16 | [228] | |||||
AZ | March 19 | [229] | |||||
NY | March 23 | [230] | |||||
WA | March 24 | [bg] | [231] | ||||
TX | April 13 | [bh] | [232] | ||||
WI | April 22 | [233] | |||||
CT | April 26 | [bi] | [234] | ||||
TN | April 27 | [bj] | [235] | ||||
OH | April 29 | [bk] | [236] | ||||
MD | May 3 | [237] | |||||
ME | May 5 | Ballot access not required | [238][239] | ||||
UT | May 10 | [240] | |||||
WV | May 14 | [241] | |||||
IN | May 30 | [bl] | [242] | ||||
DC | Jun 4 | [243] | |||||
MT | [244] |
American Independent Party
The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate.[245][246]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|
James Bradley | 45,565 | 99.96% |
Andrew George Rummel (write-in) | 16 | 0.04% |
Total: | 45,581 | 100.0% |
On April 29, 2024, the party announced that it had nominated independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[248][249]
Legal Marijuana Now Party
The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916.[250] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots.[251]
Five candidates appeared on the ballot:
- Edward Forchion, activist, and candidate for governor of New Jersey in 2021
- Rudy Reyes, archeologist, and national LMN Party chairperson
- Dennis Schuller, Minnesota LMN Party chairperson; former Richfield, Minnesota, municipal planning commission member (2011–2014)
- Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist, and perennial candidate from Massachusetts; former Libertarian Party Judicial Committee member (2020–2022) (Also running for the Democratic nomination)[252]
- Krystal Gabel, activist, and candidate for governor of Nebraska in 2018 (Withdrew January 26, 2024)[251]
Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson.[253]
See also
- 2024 United States presidential election
- Ballot access in the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
- Ballot access in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
- Third party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
- Ballot Access News
Notes
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by party registration
- ^ Ballot access for parties not determined by petitioning
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by caucus attendance
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties can be determined by election results or party registration
- ^ Ballot access for parties can be determined by election results or party registration
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Petition not required for ballot access
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Petition deadline TBD. Deadline to submit slates of electors is Sep 10
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Petition deadline TBD. Deadline to submit slates of electors is Aug 27
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by convention attendance
- ^ Filing deadline was previously Jan 8, but legislation was passed to extend the deadline.[36]
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by town committee organization attendance
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Ballot access for parties determined by election results
- ^ Presumptive
- ^ Presumptive
- ^ The Green Party of Alaska is qualified but not affiliated with the national Green Party.
- ^ Not affiliated with national Libertarian Party
- ^ Kennedy reportedly collected enough signatures to appear on the ballot, but may be voided due to not including a Vice Presidential candidate[42]
- ^ Not affiliated with national Libertarian Party
- ^ While the Green Party has previously reported that they collected enough signatures, they appear to have been defrauded by their petition circulator.[43]
- ^ Presumptive
- ^ Presumptive
- ^ Stein is also running for the Green Party nomination
- ^ Claudia de la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the state's non-binding presidential primary on March 5th[63]The party's presidential nominee will be chosen by the state central committee in August.[64]
- ^ The Michigan affiliate nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.
- ^ Not affiliated with National Green Party
- ^ Includes "None of These Candidates" in Nevada; "noncommitted delegate" in Colorado; "no preference" in Massachusetts, Montana, and North Carolina; "undeclared" in Wyoming; "none of the names shown" in Kansas; "uninstructed delegation" in Wisconsin.
- ^ This primary did not award any delegates.
- ^ Iowa is holding an all mail-in caucus due to DNC rules. Mail-in voting occurs from January 12 to March 5.
- ^ a b c d e f g Uygur is not eligible to be president under the natural-born citizen clause of the United States Constitution.
- ^ a b Voting runs from March 5 to March 12.
- ^ David Michael Olscamp
- ^ Primary cancelled.
- ^ This primary has not been officially sanctioned by the RNC.
- ^ Trump was removed from the ballot by the Maine Secretary of State due to his participation in the January 6 attack, but the decision was placed on hold while the related case Colorado case of Anderson v. Griswold makes its way through the courts. On March 4, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Trump would not be removed from the ballot.
- ^ cancelled
- ^ Includes No Preference, None of These Candidates, and Uninstructed
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr
All write-ins counted - ^ Toad Anderson, David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap, Beau Lindsey
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
- ^ All write-ins counted
- ^ Includes 'No Preference', 'Uncommitted', and 'None of the Above'
- ^ Adam Hollick, Randy Toler
- ^ All write-ins were counted
- ^ DaShaun Davis, Matthew Pruden
- ^ All write-ins were counted
- ^ DaShaun Davis, Randy Toler, Robert Cooke
- ^ All write-ins were counted
- ^ DaShaun Davis, Randy Toler
- ^ DaShaun Davis, Randy Toler
- ^ DaShaun Davis, Robert Cooke IV, Randy Toler
Notes
- ^ "President": R. Boddie, Terrisa Bukovinac, Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Mark Stewart Greenstein, Tom Koos, Paul V. LaCava, Star Locke, Frankie Lozada, Stephen P. Lyons, Raymond Michael Moroz, Derek Nadeau, Mando Perez-Serrato, Donald Picard, Paperboy Love Prince, Richard Rist, Vermin Supreme, John Vail
Received votes as a write-in not counted as "scatter": Nikki Haley (running as a Republican), Donald Trump (running as a Republican), Vivek Ramaswamy (ran as a Republican), Ron DeSantis (ran as a Republican), Chris Christie (ran as a Republican), Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (running as an Independent), CeaseFire (not a candidate), Bernie Sanders (not a candidate) - ^ Gabriel Cornejo, Superpayaseria Crystalroc, Brent Foutz, John Haywood, Stephen Alan Leon, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Armando Perez-Serrato, Donald Picard, Mark R. Prascak
- ^ Frank Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Armando Perez-Serrato
- ^ "President": R. Boddie, Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Stephen P. Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato
Recognized write-in candidates: Willie Felix Carter, President Cristina Nicole Grappo, Richard Gutierrez, James Mark Merts, Reed Michaelsen, Wayne Anthony Pope Sr. - ^ Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Stephen P. Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato
- ^ Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[ao]
- ^ Stephen Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[ao]
- ^ Gabriel A. Cornejo, Robert Star Locke, Frankie Lozada, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[ao]
- ^ Gabriel Cornejo, Frank Lozada
- ^ Mark Stewart Greenstein, Cenk Uygur[ao]
- ^ Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato
- ^ Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons
- ^ Frankie Lozada
- ^ "Bob" Ely, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[ao]
- ^ Stephen Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato
- ^ Eban Cambridge, Stephen P. Lyons, Armando “Mando” Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[ao]
- ^ Cenk Uygur[ao]
- ^ Stephen Lyons, David Michael Olscamp, Armando “Mando” Perez-Serrato
- ^ Stephen P. Lyons, Armando “Mando” Perez-Serrato
- ^ Armando “Mando” Perez-Serrato
- ^ Terrisa Bukovinac
- ^ Armando “Mando” Perez-Serrato
Gabriel Cornejo filed for inclusion but withdrew before the ballot was finalized. - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Chris Christie
- ^ Scott Alan Ayers, Doug Burgum, Robert S. Carney Jr., John Anthony Castro, Chris Christie, Peter Jedick, Perry Johnson, Donald Kjornes, Mary Maxwell, Glenn J. McPeters, Scott Peterson Merrell, Darius L. Mitchell, Mike Pence, Tim Scott, Hirsh V. Singh, Samuel Howard Sloan, David Stuckenberg, Rachel Swift.
Recognized Write-ins: Joe Biden (running as a Democrat), Dean Phillips (running as a Democrat), Marianne Williamson (running as a Democrat), Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (running as an Independent), Mark Greenstein (running as a Democrat), CeaseFire (not a candidate) - ^ John Anthony Castro, Heath V. Fulkerson, Mike Pence, Tim Scott, Hirsh V. Singh, Donald Kjornes, None of These Candidates
- ^ Chris Christie, Perry Johnson
- ^ Chris Christie, David Stuckenberg
- ^ David Stuckenburg
- ^ Chris Christie, Doug Burgum, David Stuckenberg
- ^ David Stuckenberg
- ^ Chris Christie, David Stuckenberg
- ^ a b Doug Burgum, Chris Christie, David Stuckenberg
- ^ Chris Christie, David Stuckenberg, Rachel Swift
Recognized Write-in candidates: Hugo C Aguilar, Ryan Stephen Ehrenreich, Douglas Groves
Doug Burgum filed for inclusion but withdrew before the ballot was finalized - ^ Chris Christie, Walter Iwachiw (write-in), Rachel Swift (write-in)
- ^ a b Chris Christie, David Stuckenberg
- ^ Chris Christie, David Stuckenberg
- ^ Doug Burgum, Chris Christie, Perry Johnson, Tim Scott, David Stuckenberg
- ^ John Anthony Castro, Chris Christie, David Stuckenberg
- ^ Chris Christie
- ^ Chris Christie, David Stuckenberg, Rachel Swift
- ^ Perry Johnson
- ^ Rachel Swift, David Stuckenberg
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