2022–23 Coppa Italia

Football tournament season

2022–23 Coppa Italia
Tournament details
Country	Italy
Dates	30 July 2022 – 24 May 2023
Teams	44
Final positions
Champions	Internazionale (9th title)
Runner-up	Fiorentina
Tournament statistics
Matches played	45
Goals scored	143 (3.18 per match)
Top goal scorer(s)	Walid Cheddira (5 goals)
← 2021–22 2023–24 →

The 2022–23 Coppa Italia (branded as the Coppa Italia Frecciarossa for sponsorship reasons from the second round)^[1] was the 76th edition of the national cup in Italian football.^[2] There were 44 participating teams.^[3]

Match times up to 30 October 2022 and from 26 March 2023 were CEST (UTC+2). Times on interim ("winter") days were CET (UTC+1).

Internazionale were the defending champions, and retained their title after defeating Fiorentina 2–1 in the final. It was the club's ninth Coppa Italia title overall.^[4]

Participating teams

Serie A The 20 clubs of the 2022–23 season	Serie B The 20 clubs of the 2022–23 season	Serie C Four clubs of the 2022–23 season
Atalanta Bologna Cremonese Fiorentina Empoli Hellas Verona Internazionale Juventus Lazio Lecce Milan Monza Napoli Roma Salernitana Sampdoria Sassuolo Spezia Torino Udinese	Ascoli Bari Benevento Brescia Cagliari Cittadella Como Cosenza Frosinone Genoa Modena Palermo Parma Perugia Pisa Reggina SPAL Südtirol Ternana Venezia	Catanzaro Feralpisalò Padova Reggiana

Format and seeding

Teams entered the competition at various stages, as follows:^[2]

First phase (one-legged fixtures)
- Preliminary round: four teams from Serie C and 4 Serie B teams started the tournament
- Round of 64: the four winners were joined by 16 Serie B teams and 12 teams from Serie A
- Round of 32: the 16 winners faced each other
Second phase
- Round of 16 (one-legged): the eight winners were joined by Serie A clubs, seeded 1–8
- Quarter-finals (one-legged): the eight winners faced each other
- Semi-finals (two-legged): the four winners faced each other
- Final (one-legged): the two winners faced each other

Round dates

Phase	Round	Clubs remaining	Clubs involved	From previous round	Entries in this round	First leg	Second leg
First stage	Preliminary round	44	8	none	8	30–31 July 2022
	Round of 64	40	32	4	28	5–8 August 2022
	Round of 32	24	16	16	none	18–20 October 2022
Second stage	Round of 16	16	16	8	8	10–19 January 2023
	Quarter-finals	8	8	8	none	31 January–2 February 2023
	Semi-finals	4	4	4	none	4–5 April 2023	26–27 April 2023
	Final	2	2	2	none	24 May 2023

Preliminary round

A total of eight teams from Serie B and Serie C competed in this round, four of which advanced.

Südtirol (2) v Feralpisalò (3)

30 July 2022	Südtirol (2)	1–3	Feralpisalò (3)	Bolzano
18:00 CEST	Voltan 55'	Report	Siligardi 34', 49' Cernigoi 52'	Stadium: Stadio Druso Attendance: 2,000 Referee: Luca Zufferli

Modena (2) v Catanzaro (3)

31 July 2022	Modena (2)	3–1	Catanzaro (3)	Modena
20:30 CEST	Silvestri 2' Diaw 45' Magnino 75'	Report	Tentardini 59'	Stadium: Stadio Alberto Braglia Attendance: 4,616 Referee: Daniele Perenzoni

Bari (2) v Padova (3)

31 July 2022	Bari (2)	3–0	Padova (3)	Salerno
21:00 CEST	Botta 8' Cheddira 16', 90+2'	Report		Stadium: Stadio Arechi Attendance: 1,000 Referee: Federico Dionisi

Palermo (2) v Reggiana (3)

31 July 2022	Palermo (2)	3–2	Reggiana (3)	Palermo
21:00 CEST	Brunori 3', 40', 80' (pen.)	Report	Rosafio 57' (pen.) D'Angelo 88'	Stadium: Stadio Renzo Barbera Attendance: 13,297 Referee: Daniele Rutella

Round of 64

A total of 32 teams (4 winners from the preliminary round, the remaining 16 teams from Serie B and 12 Serie A teams seeded 9–20) competed in this round, 16 of which advanced to the second round.

Cagliari (2) v Perugia (2)

5 August 2022	Cagliari (2)	3–2	Perugia (2)	Cagliari
17:45 CEST	Altare 2' Lapadula 80' (pen.) Viola 89'	Report	Melchiorri 32' Di Serio 67'	Stadium: Unipol Domus Attendance: 6,305 Referee: Matteo Gualtieri

Udinese (1) v Feralpisalò (3)

5 August 2022	Udinese (1)	2–1	Feralpisalò (3)	Udine
18:00 CEST	Deulofeu 12' (pen.) Success 64'	Report	Siligardi 67'	Stadium: Stadio Friuli Attendance: 2,962 Referee: Francesco Cosso

Lecce (1) v Cittadella (2)

5 August 2022	Lecce (1)	2–3 (a.e.t.)	Cittadella (2)	Lecce
21:00 CEST	Strefezza 61' Colombo 105+1'	Report	Asencio 73' Tounkara 93', 100'	Stadium: Stadio Via del mare Attendance: 15,857 Referee: Gianpiero Miele

Sampdoria (1) v Reggina (2)

5 August 2022	Sampdoria (1)	1–0	Reggina (2)	Genoa
21:15 CEST	Sabiri 67' (pen.)	Report		Stadium: Stadio Luigi Ferraris Attendance: 14,893 Referee: Maria Sole Ferrieri Caputi

Pisa (2) v Brescia (2)

6 August 2022	Pisa (2)	1–4	Brescia (2)	Pisa
17:45 CEST	Masucci 20'	Report	Nícolas 25' (o.g.) Ayé 61' Ndoj 72' Bianchi 90+4'	Stadium: Arena Garibaldi Attendance: 3,884 Referee: Matteo Gariglio

Spezia (1) v Como (2)

6 August 2022	Spezia (1)	5–1	Como (2)	La Spezia
18:00 CEST	Nzola 43', 76' (pen.) Verde 60' (pen.) Strelec 71' Maldini 89'	Report	Blanco 55'	Stadium: Stadio Alberto Picco Attendance: 5,826 Referee: Francesco Meraviglia

Empoli (1) v SPAL (2)

6 August 2022	Empoli (1)	1–2 (a.e.t.)	SPAL (2)	Empoli
21:00 CEST	Cambiaghi 80'	Report	Dickmann 82' Arena 120+1'	Stadium: Stadio Carlo Castellani Attendance: 1,155 Referee: Manuel Volpi

Torino (1) v Palermo (2)

6 August 2022	Torino (1)	3–0	Palermo (2)	Turin
21:15 CEST	Lukić 54' Radonjić 73' Pellegri 79'	Report		Stadium: Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino Attendance: 6,803 Referee: Davide Ghersini

Venezia (2) v Ascoli (2)

7 August 2022	Venezia (2)	2–3	Ascoli (2)	Venice
17:45 CEST	Mikaelsson 88', 89'	Report	Šarić 35' Falzerano 70' Fontana 90+1'	Stadium: Stadio Pier Luigi Penzo Attendance: 2,018 Referee: Daniele Paterna

Hellas Verona (1) v Bari (2)

7 August 2022	Hellas Verona (1)	1–4	Bari (2)	Verona
18:00 CEST	Lasagna 16'	Report	Folorunsho 30' Cheddira 44', 53' (pen.), 78'	Stadium: Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi Attendance: 6,576 Referee: Niccolò Baroni

Salernitana (1) v Parma (2)

7 August 2022	Salernitana (1)	0–2	Parma (2)	Salerno
21:00 CEST		Report	Camara 59' Mihăilă 74'	Stadium: Stadio Arechi Attendance: 10,205 Referee: Ivano Pezzuto

Monza (1) v Frosinone (2)

7 August 2022	Monza (1)	3–2	Frosinone (2)	Monza
21:15 CEST	Valoti 25' (pen.) Caprari 43' (pen.) Gytkjær 84'	Report	Haoudi 53' Kone 56'	Stadium: Stadio Brianteo Attendance: 4,432 Referee: Marco Serra

Genoa (2) v Benevento (2)

8 August 2022	Genoa (2)	3–2	Benevento (2)	Genoa
17:45 CEST	Guðmundsson 35', 45' Coda 64' (pen.)	Report	Glik 45+3' Karić 90+5'	Stadium: Stadio Luigi Ferraris Attendance: 10,366 Referee: Andrea Colombo

Modena (2) v Sassuolo (1)

8 August 2022	Modena (2)	3–2	Sassuolo (1)	Modena
18:00 CEST	Falcinelli 11' Mosti 30', 52'	Report	Berardi 45+2' (pen.) Ayhan 88'	Stadium: Stadio Alberto Braglia Attendance: 7,274 Referee: Gianluca Aureliano

Cremonese (1) v Ternana (2)

8 August 2022	Cremonese (1)	3–2	Ternana (2)	Ferrara
21:00 CEST	Bogdan 15' (o.g.) Okereke 22' Quagliata 60'	Report	Rovaglia 54' Palumbo 57'	Stadium: Stadio Paolo Mazza Attendance: 541 Referee: Antonio Giua

Bologna (1) v Cosenza (2)

8 August 2022	Bologna (1)	1–0	Cosenza (2)	Bologna
21:15 CEST	Sansone 65'	Report		Stadium: Stadio Renato Dall'Ara Attendance: 10,706 Referee: Giacomo Camplone

Round of 32

The 16 winning teams from the first round competed in the second round, 8 of which advanced to the round of 16.

Genoa (2) v SPAL (2)

18 October 2022	Genoa (2)	1–0	SPAL (2)	Genoa
18:00	Guðmundsson 45+1' (pen.)	Report		Stadium: Stadio Luigi Ferraris Referee: Alberto Santoro

Torino (1) v Cittadella (2)

18 October 2022	Torino (1)	4–0	Cittadella (2)	Turin
21:00	Radonjić 21' Pellegri 55' Schuurs 76' Zima 80'	Report		Stadium: Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino Attendance: 3,297 Referee: Ivano Pezzuto

Spezia (1) v Brescia (2)

19 October 2022	Spezia (1)	3–1	Brescia (2)	La Spezia
15:00	Strelec 20', 86' Verde 55'	Report	Moreo 90+3'	Stadium: Stadio Alberto Picco Attendance: 2,500 Referee: Federico La Penna

Parma (2) v Bari (2)

19 October 2022	Parma (2)	1–0	Bari (2)	Parma
18:00	Benedyczak 29'	Report		Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini Attendance: 4,690 Referee: Marco Serra

Udinese (1) v Monza (1)

19 October 2022	Udinese (1)	2–3	Monza (1)	Udine
21:00	Pérez 49', 68'	Report	Valoti 45' Molina 70' Petagna 72'	Stadium: Stadio Friuli Attendance: 5,034 Referee: Federico Dionisi

Cremonese (1) v Modena (2)

20 October 2022	Cremonese (1)	4–2 (a.e.t.)	Modena (2)	Cremona
15:00	Okereke 77' Afena-Gyan 84' Sernicola 111', 120'	Report	Diaw 89' (pen.), 90'	Stadium: Stadio Giovanni Zini Attendance: 2,772 Referee: Daniele Paterna

Sampdoria (1) v Ascoli (2)

20 October 2022	Sampdoria (1)	2–2 (a.e.t.) (9–8 p)	Ascoli (2)	Genoa
18:00	Verre 10' Caputo 118'	Report	Collocolo 33' Donati 110'	Stadium: Stadio Luigi Ferraris Attendance: 4,738 Referee: Luca Zufferli
	Penalties
	Gabbiadini Villar Đuričić Caputo Verre Augello Conti Léris Murru Ferrari Contini		Botteghin Eramo Falasco Gondo Caligara Falzerano Bidaoui Donati Quaranta Tavčar Guarna

Bologna (1) v Cagliari (2)

20 October 2022	Bologna (1)	1–0	Cagliari (2)	Bologna
21:00	Obert 69' (o.g.)	Report		Stadium: Stadio Renato Dall'Ara Attendance: 6,400 Referee: Giacomo Camplone

Bracket

Round of 16		Quarter-finals		Semi-finals				Final



Roma	1

Genoa	0
		Roma	1

		Cremonese	2
Napoli	2 (4)

Cremonese (p)	2 (5)
				Cremonese	0	0	0

				Fiorentina	2	0	2
Fiorentina	1

Sampdoria	0
		Fiorentina	2

		Torino	1
Milan	0

Torino (a.e.t.)	1
								Fiorentina	1

								Internazionale	2
Juventus	2

Monza	1
		Juventus	1

		Lazio	0
Lazio	1

Bologna	0
				Juventus	1	0	1

				Internazionale	1	1	2
Internazionale (a.e.t.)	2

Parma	1
		Internazionale	1

		Atalanta	0
Atalanta	5

Spezia	2

Round of 16

The round of 16 matches were played between the eight winners from the second round and clubs seeded 1–8 in the 2021–22 Serie A. Serie B sides Parma and Genoa were the lowest-tier teams in the draw.

Internazionale (1) v Parma (2)

10 January 2023	Internazionale (1)	2–1 (a.e.t.)	Parma (2)	Milan
21:00	Martínez 88' Acerbi 110'	Report	Jurić 38'	Stadium: San Siro Attendance: 40,032 Referee: Alessandro Prontera

Milan (1) v Torino (1)

11 January 2023	Milan (1)	0–1 (a.e.t.)	Torino (1)	Milan
21:00		Report	Adopo 114'	Stadium: San Siro Attendance: 58,000 Referee: Antonio Rapuano

Fiorentina (1) v Sampdoria (1)

12 January 2023	Fiorentina (1)	1–0	Sampdoria (1)	Florence
18:00	Barák 25'	Report		Stadium: Stadio Artemio Franchi Attendance: 10,496 Referee: Daniele Paterna

Roma (1) v Genoa (2)

12 January 2023	Roma (1)	1–0	Genoa (2)	Rome
21:00	Dybala 64'	Report		Stadium: Stadio Olimpico Attendance: 60,000 Referee: Ermanno Feliciani

Napoli (1) v Cremonese (1)

17 January 2023	Napoli (1)	2–2 (a.e.t.) (4–5 p)	Cremonese (1)	Naples
21:00	Juan Jesus 33' Simeone 36'	Report	Pickel 18' Afena-Gyan 87'	Stadium: Stadio Diego Armando Maradona Attendance: 32,000 Referee: Maria Sole Ferrieri Caputi
	Penalties
	Politano Simeone Zieliński Lobotka Osimhen		Vásquez Buonaiuto Tsadjout Valeri Afena-Gyan

Atalanta (1) v Spezia (1)

19 January 2023	Atalanta (1)	5–2	Spezia (1)	Bergamo
15:00	Lookman 10', 12' Hateboer 26' Højlund 72' Ampadu 90' (o.g.)	Report	Ekdal 14' Verde 38'	Stadium: Gewiss Stadium Attendance: 7,483 Referee: Andrea Colombo

Lazio (1) v Bologna (1)

19 January 2023	Lazio (1)	1–0	Bologna (1)	Rome
18:00	Felipe Anderson 33'	Report		Stadium: Stadio Olimpico Attendance: 30,000 Referee: Niccolo Baroni

Juventus (1) v Monza (1)

19 January 2023	Juventus (1)	2–1	Monza (1)	Turin
21:00	Kean 8' Chiesa 78'	Report	Valoti 24'	Stadium: Juventus Stadium Attendance: 25,190 Referee: Ivano Pezzuto

Quarter-finals

The quarter-final matches were played between clubs advancing from the round of 16.

Internazionale (1) v Atalanta (1)

31 January 2023	Internazionale (1)	1–0	Atalanta (1)	Milan
21:00	Darmian 57'	Report		Stadium: San Siro Attendance: 49,515 Referee: Daniele Chiffi

Fiorentina (1) v Torino (1)

1 February 2023	Fiorentina (1)	2–1	Torino (1)	Florence
18:00	Jović 65' Ikoné 90'	Report	Karamoh 90+3'	Stadium: Stadio Artemio Franchi Attendance: 18,600 Referee: Daniele Doveri

Roma (1) v Cremonese (1)

1 February 2023	Roma (1)	1–2	Cremonese (1)	Rome
21:00	Belotti 90+4'	Report	Dessers 28' (pen.) Çelik 49' (o.g.)	Stadium: Stadio Olimpico Attendance: 60,657 Referee: Michael Fabbri

Juventus (1) v Lazio (1)

2 February 2023	Juventus (1)	1–0	Lazio (1)	Turin
21:00	Bremer 44'	Report		Stadium: Juventus Stadium Attendance: 21,581 Referee: Fabio Maresca

Semi-finals

Semi-finals (a two-legged round) were played between clubs advancing from the quarter-finals.

First leg

Juventus v Internazionale

4 April 2023	Juventus	1–1	Internazionale	Turin
21:00	Cuadrado 83'	Report	Lukaku 90+5' (pen.)	Stadium: Juventus Stadium Attendance: 39,021 Referee: Davide Massa

Cremonese v Fiorentina

5 April 2023	Cremonese	0–2	Fiorentina	Cremona
21:00		Report	Cabral 20' González 75' (pen.)	Stadium: Stadio Giovanni Zini Attendance: 13,952 Referee: Maurizio Mariani

Second leg

Internazionale v Juventus

26 April 2023	Internazionale	1–0 (2–1 agg.)	Juventus	Milan
21:00	Dimarco 15'	Report		Stadium: San Siro Attendance: 75,491 Referee: Daniele Doveri

Fiorentina v Cremonese

27 April 2023	Fiorentina	0–0 (2–0 agg.)	Cremonese	Florence
21:00		Report		Stadium: Stadio Artemio Franchi Attendance: 31,131 Referee: Livio Marinelli

Final

24 May 2023 (2023-05-24)

21:00 CEST

Fiorentina	1–2	Internazionale
González 3'	Report	Martínez 29', 37'

Stadio Olimpico, Rome

Attendance: 68,500^[5]

Referee: Massimiliano Irrati

Top goalscorers

Rank	Player	Club	Goals^[6]
1	Walid Cheddira	Bari	5
2	Matteo Brunori	Palermo	3
	Davide Diaw	Modena
	Albert Guðmundsson	Genoa
	Lautaro Martínez	Internazionale
	Luca Siligardi	Feralpisaló
	David Strelec	Spezia
	Mattia Valoti	Monza
	Daniele Verde	Spezia
10	Twelve players		2

References

^ ""Frecciarossa" title sponsor di Coppa Italia e Supercoppa italiana". legaseriea.it (in Italian). Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A.
^ ^a ^b "Coppa Italia: Regolamento" (PDF) (in Italian). Lega Serie A. 8 June 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
^ "Coppa Italia, ecco il nuovo format della competizione". CorrieredelloSport.it (in Italian). 26 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^ "Fiorentina 1–2 Inter Milan: Martinez scores twice as Champions League finalists win Coppa Italia". BBC Sport. 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
^ "Fiorentina-Inter da record: incasso più alto della storia in Coppa Italia". Calcio e Finanza (in Italian). 25 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
^ "Italy » Coppa Italia 2022/2023 » Top Scorer". WorldFootball.net.

Coppa Italia

Seasons

1921–22
1926–27
1935–36
1936–37
1937–38
1938–39
1939–40
1940–41
1941–42
1942–43
1957–58
1958–59
1959–60
1960–61
1961–62
1962–63
1963–64
1964–65
1965–66
1966–67
1967–68
1968–69
1969–70
1970–71
1971–72
1972–73
1973–74
1974–75
1975–76
1976–77
1977–78
1978–79
1979–80
1980–81
1981–82
1982–83
1983–84
1984–85
1985–86
1986–87
1987–88
1988–89
1989–90
1990–91
1991–92
1992–93
1993–94
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99
1999–2000
2000–01
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
2019–20
2020–21
2021–22
2022–23
2023–24

Finals

1922
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024

List of finals

2022–23 in Italian football

← 2021–22

2023–24 →

Domestic leagues

Men	Serie A Serie B Serie C Serie D
Women	Serie A Serie B Serie C

Domestic cups

International club
competitions

Men	Champions League Europa League Europa Conference League
Youth	Youth League

Club seasons
Serie A	Atalanta Bologna Cremonese Empoli Fiorentina Hellas Verona Inter Milan Juventus Lazio Lecce AC Milan Monza Napoli Roma Salernitana Sampdoria Sassuolo Spezia Torino Udinese
Serie B	Ascoli Bari Benevento Brescia Cagliari Cittadella Como Cosenza Frosinone Genoa Modena Palermo Parma Perugia Pisa Reggina Südtirol SPAL Ternana Venezia
Serie C	AlbinoLeffe Catanzaro Cesena Crotone Feralpisalò Juventus Next Gen Pescara Pordenone Reggiana Vicenza Virtus Entella
Women	Inter Milan Juventus AC Milan

v t e 2022–23 in European men's football (UEFA)
Domestic leagues	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus '22 '23 Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark England Estonia '22 '23 Faroe Islands '22 '23 Finland '22 '23 France Georgia '22 '23 Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Iceland '22 '23 Israel Italy Kazakhstan '22 '23 Kosovo Latvia '22 '23 Lithuania '22 '23 Luxembourg Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Northern Ireland Norway '22 '23 Poland Portugal Republic of Ireland '22 '23 Romania Russia San Marino Scotland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden '22 '23 Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Wales
Domestic cups	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark England Estonia Faroe Islands '22 '23 Finland '22 '23 France Georgia '22 '23 Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Iceland '22 '23 Israel Italy Kazakhstan '22 '23 Kosovo Latvia '22 '23 Liechtenstein Lithuania '22 '23 Luxembourg Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Northern Ireland Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Ireland '22 '23 Romania Russia San Marino Scotland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey ~~Ukraine~~ Wales
League cups	England Finland Iceland Israel Northern Ireland Portugal Scotland Wales
Supercups	Albania Andorra Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus England Estonia '22 '23 Faroe Islands France Georgia Germany Iceland Israel Italy Kazakhstan '22 '23 Kosovo Lithuania '22 '23 Malta Moldova Netherlands Northern Ireland Poland Portugal Republic of Ireland '22 '23 Romania Russia San Marino Spain Turkey ~~Ukraine~~
UEFA competitions	Champions League qualifying phase and play-off round group stage knockout phase Final Europa League qualifying phase and play-off round group stage knockout phase Final Europa Conference League qualifying phase and play-off round Champions Path Main Path group stage knockout phase Final Super Cup Youth League UEFA Champions League Path Domestic Champions Path knockout phase Under-20 Intercontinental Cup
International competitions	2022 FIFA World Cup UEFA Euro 2024 qualification 2022–23 UEFA Nations League League A League B League C League D Finals Final 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup 2023 FIFA U-17 World Cup 2023 Euro Under-21 qualification 2023 Euro Under-19 qualification 2023 Euro Under-17 qualification